Injury prevention and rehabilitation of injury Flashcards
What is an acute injury?
A sudden injury associated with a traumatic event
What is a chronic injury?
A slowly developed injury associated with overuse
What is a hard tissue injury?
Involves damage to bones, joints or cartilage
What is a soft tissue injury?
Involves damage to the skin, muscles, tendons or ligaments
Name hard acute injuries
Fracture
Dislocation
Subluxation
What is a fracture?
A partial or complete break in the bone
Swelling, deformity and pain
What is a dislocation?
A displacement of one bone from another out of their position
Deformity and pain
What is a subluxation?
An incomplete dislocation that causes damage to the ligaments
Name soft acute injuries
Contusion & haematoma
Sprains
Blisters
Strains
Abrasion
Concussion
What are contusions and haematomas?
Contusions: bruises are damage to blood vessels
Haematomas: internal bleeding (discolouration and pain)
What are sprains?
An overstretch/tear in ligaments caused by a sudden twist (swelling)
What are blisters?
Separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms caused by friction
What are strains?
A tear/overstretch in muscles or tendons from overstretching a muscle
What are abrasions?
A superficial damage to skin caused by scraping against a surface
What is concussion?
Occurs after a trauma to the head. Can cause swelling and disruption in the electrical processes of the brain.
Dizziness, confusion and sickness
Name hard chronic injuries
Stress fractures
What is a stress fracture?
A tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by over use
Name soft chronic injuries
Shin splints
Tendinosis
What are shin splints?
Chronic shin pain due to inflammation of muscles and stress on tendon attachment to the surface of the tibia
What is tendinosis?
The deterioration of a tendon in response to chronic overuse and repetitive strain
Name the extrinsic risk factors of injuries
Poor technique and training (repeatedly)
Incorrect equipment and clothing
Warm up and cool down effectiveness
Inappropriate intensity (acute), duration or frequency (chronic) of activity
Name the intrinsic risk factors of injuries
Posture and alignment issues
Age
Poor preparation
Previous injuries
Nutrition
Inadequate fitness levels
Inappropriate flexibility levels
What is a warm up used for?
To increase body temperature
To prepare the body physiologically and psychologically
To reduce the risk of injuries
Describe a warm up
Lasts 20-45 mins
Intensity increase
Pulse raising, dynamic stretching, sport specific drills
What is a cool down used for?
To maintain HR
To aid the removal of lactic acid
To aid the healing process
Describe a cool down
Lasts for 20-30 minutes
Intensity decrease
Moderate intensity activity and stretching
What is SALTAPS used for?
Too see whether a performer should continue after a potential injury
Explain SALTAPS
Stop: stop game and observe injury
Ask: ask questions to player
Look: check for swelling, bruising, deformity or discolouration
Touch: check for swelling, deformity, lumps, bumps or heat
Active movement: ask for active movement of participant
Passive movement: move injured body part
Strength testing: ask player to stand and put pressure on area. Ask if they can continue
What is PRICE?
A protocol for acute/soft tissue injuries
Explain PRICE
Protect injury from further damage
Rest injury for first 2-3 days. Reintroduce movements gradually
Ice the painful area (15-20 mins every 2-3 hours)
Compress injured area to limit swelling/movement
Elevate injury by resting above head
What is the 6 R’s?
A protocol for the recognition of concussion
Explain the 6 R’s
Recognise: learn signs and symptoms to help identify a concussion
Remove: remove player with suspected concussion from play
Refer: athlete immediately referred to a qualified health care professional
Rest: rest until symptom free
Recover: fully recover until symptom free
Return: only return when symptom free and cleared by a medic. Compete the graduate return to play protocol
What is rehabilitation?
The process of restoring full function after an injury has occured
What are the 3 stages of rehabilitation?
Early stage: gentle exercising encouraging damaged area to heal
Mid stage: progressive loading of connective tissue and bones to develop strength
Late stage: functional exercise and drills to ensure body is fully ready to return
Name treatment methods
Non-steroid anti inflammatory drugs
Physiotherapy
Heat therapy
Constant therapy
Arthroscopy
Massage
Cold therapy/cryotherapy
