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PE Paper 1 > Joint analysis > Flashcards

Joint analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the ankle and name the articulating bones?

A

Hinge
Tibia, fibula and talus

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2
Q

What movements occur at the ankle and in which plane of movement?

A

Dorsi flexion and plantar flexion
Sagittal

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3
Q

What is the agonist during dorsi flexion of the ankle?

A

Tibialis anterior

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4
Q

What is the agonist during plantar flexion of the ankle?

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

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5
Q

What type of joint is the wrist and what are the articulating bones?

A

Condyloid
Radius, ulna and carpals

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6
Q

What movements occur at the wrist and in which plane of movement?

A

Flexion and extension
Sagittal

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7
Q

What is the agonist during flexion of the wrist?

A

Wrist flexors

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8
Q

What is the agonist during extension of the wrist?

A

Wrist extensors

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9
Q

What type of joint is the elbow and what are the articulating bones?

A

Hinge
Humerus, radius and ulna

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10
Q

What movements occur at the elbow and in which plane?

A

Flexion and extension
Sagittal

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11
Q

What is the agonist during flexion of the elbow?

A

Bicep brachii

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12
Q

What is the agonist during extension of the elbow?

A

Triceps brachii

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13
Q

What type of joint is the knee and what are the articulating bones?

A

Hinge
Femur and tibia

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14
Q

What movement occurs at the knee and in which plane of movement?

A

Flexion and extension
Sagittal

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15
Q

What is the agonist during flexion of the knee?

A

Bicep femoris

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16
Q

What is the agonist during extension of the knee?

A

Rectus femoris

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17
Q

What type of joint is the hip and what are the articulating bones?

A

Ball and socket
Pelvic girdle and femur

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18
Q

What movements occur at the hip and in which plane of movement?

A

Flexion and extension (sagittal)
Adduction and abduction (frontal)
Medial rotation and lateral rotation (transverse)

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19
Q

What is the agonist during flexion of the hip?

A

Illiopsoas

20
Q

What is the agonist during extension of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus

21
Q

What is the agonist during adduction of the hip?

A

Adductor longus

22
Q

What is the agonist during abduction of the hip?

A

Gluteus medius

23
Q

What is the agonist during medial rotation of the hip?

A

Gluteus medius

24
Q

What is the agonist during lateral rotation of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus

25
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder and what are the articulating bones?

A

Ball and socket joint
Humerus and scapula

26
Q

What movements occur at the shoulder and in which plane of movement?

A

Flexion and extension (sagittal)
Abduction and adduction (frontal)
Horizontal flexion/extension and medial/lateral rotation (transverse)

27
Q

What is the agonist during flexion of the shoulder?

A

Anterior deltoid

28
Q

What is the agonist during extension of the shoulder?

A

Posterior deltoid

29
Q

What is the agonist during abduction of the shoulder?

A

Middle deltoid

30
Q

What is the agonist during adduction of the shoulder?

A

Latissimus dorsi

31
Q

What is agonist during horizontal flexion of the shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major

32
Q

What is the agonist during horizontal extension of the shoulder?

A

Posterior deltoid

33
Q

What is the agonist during medial rotation of the shoulder?

A

Teres major

34
Q

What is the agonist during lateral rotation of the shoulder?

A

Teres minor

35
Q

What are the 3 planes of movement and what movement occurs?

A

Frontal - sideways movement
Transverse - rotational movement
Sagittal - forwards backward movement

36
Q

What is the agonist?

A

Muscle responsible for creating for movement

37
Q

What is the antagonist?

A

Muscle that opposes the agonist and adds resistance

38
Q

What does the fixator do?

A

Stabilises one part of the body

39
Q

What is the insertion?

A

Point of attachment which moves towards the origin

40
Q

What is the origin?

A

Point of attachment that stays relatively fixed

41
Q

What is a isometric contraction?

A

A contraction where the muscle stays the same length but contracts and creates force

42
Q

What is a isotonic contraction?

A

A contraction where the muscles change length. Can either be concentric or eccentric

43
Q

What is the difference between a concentric and eccentric contraction?

A

Concentric - muscle shortens in length
Eccentric - muscle lengthens in length

44
Q

Describe how a motor unit works (skeletal muscle contraction)?

A
  1. electrical impulse from CNS
  2. impulse initiated in motor neurone cell body
  3. nerve travels down the axon by action potential to the synaptic cleft
  4. Acetylcholine is secreted into synaptic cleft which conducts the nerve impulse across the gap
  5. All or None Law: if electrical charge is above threshold all muscles will contract. If electrical charge is below threshold no muscles will contract
45
Q

Describe slow oxidative fibres

A

Used by endurance athletes (e.g. marathon runners)
High oxidative capacity
Slow contraction speed
High resistance to fatigue
Low force production
Medium capillary density

46
Q

Describe fast oxidative glycolytic fibres

A

Used by speed endurance athletes (e.g. 800m)
High oxidative capacity
Fast contraction time
Medium resistance to fatigue
High force production
Medium capillary density

47
Q

Describe fast glycolytic fibres

A

Used by speed/power athletes (e.g. 100m)
Low oxidative capacity
Fast contraction time
Low resistance to fatigue
High force production
Low capillary density

PE Paper 1 (10 decks)

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