Biomechanical principles and use of technology

Question 1

What does Newtons 1st Law of Inertia state?

Answer 1

Body continues in a state of rest of uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external or unbalanced force

Question 2

What does Newtons 2nd Law of Acceleration state?

Answer 2

A body’s rate of change of momentum is proportional to the size of the force applied and acts in the same direction

Question 3

What does Newtons 3rd Law of Reaction state?

Answer 3

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 4

Define velocity and state its calculation

Answer 4

Rate of change of displacements
Displacement / time taken (m/s)

Question 5

Define momentum and state its calculation

Answer 5

Quantity of motion possessed by a moving body
Mass x velocity (kg/m/s)

Question 6

Define acceleration and state its calculation

Answer 6

Rate of change of velocity
(final velocity - initial velocity) / time take (m/s/s)

Question 7

Define force and state its calculation

Answer 7

A push or pull that alters the state of motion of a body
Mass x acceleration (N)

Question 8

What does a force do?

Answer 8

Creates motion
Decelerate/accelerate a body
Change shape/directional of the body

Question 9

What is a net force?

Answer 9

Sum of all forces acting on a body

Question 10

What does it mean for the net force to be 0?

Answer 10

No change in motion as forces are balanced

Question 11

What is weight?

Answer 11

Gravitational pull that the earth exerts on a body
Mass x acceleration

Question 12

What is reaction?

Answer 12

Equal and opposite force exerted by the body in response to an action force place upon it

Question 13

What is friction?

Answer 13

Forces that opposes the motion of two surfaces in contact

Question 14

What factors affect friction?

Answer 14

Roughness of ground surface
Roughness of contact surface
Temperature
Size of normal reaction

Question 15

What is air resistance?

Answer 15

Force that opposes motion through air

Question 16

What factors affect air resistance?

Answer 16

Velocity
Shape
Frontal cross sectional area
Smoothness of surface

Question 17

What is the centre of mass?

Answer 17

The point at which an object is balanced in all directions. As a person raises their arms, the COM raises upwards

Question 18

What is stability?

Answer 18

The ability of the body to resist motion and remain at rest.
Being able to withstand a force applied and return to its original position without damage.

Question 19

What factors affect stability?

Answer 19

Mass of body
Height of COM
Size of base of support
Line of gravity

Question 20

What makes up a lever?

Answer 20

Lever = bone
Fulcrum = joint
Effort = muscular force
Load = weight or resistance

Question 21

What is a 1st class lever?

Answer 21

EFL or LFE

Question 22

What is a 2nd class lever?

Answer 22

ELF or FLE

Question 23

What is a 3rd class lever?

Answer 23

LEF or FEL

Question 24

What is the effort arm?

Answer 24

Distance from the fulcrum and effort

Question 25

What is the load arm?

Answer 25

Distance from the load and fulcrum

Question 26

What is mechanical advantage?

Answer 26

The effort arm is longer than the load arm. A large load can be moved with a small effort. (2nd class lever)

Question 27

What is mechanical disadvantage?

Answer 27

The load arm is longer than the effort arm. A large effort moves a small load. (3rd class level)

Question 28

What is limb kinematics?

Answer 28

Studies the movements of limbs Put reflective markers on the performers bond landmarks. They are filmed and the data is transferred into a digital format.

Question 29

Advantages of limb kinematics

Answer 29

Data immediately available Changes can be made to techniques Examine causes of injury

Question 30

Disadvantages of limb kinematics

Answer 30

Expensive Requires lab conditions

Question 31

What is a force plate?

Answer 31

A platform that measures all of the forces applied when a performer stands, steps or jumps on it. Measures ground reaction

Question 32

Advantages of force plates

Answer 32

Fast and accurate results Analysis of gait Results useful to plan development programme

Question 33

Disadvantages of force plates

Answer 33

Expensive Require lab conditions

Question 34

What is a wind tunnel?

Answer 34

A chamber through which air is flowed through

Question 35

Advantages of wind tunnels

Answer 35

Adapt equipment and techniques Mimics wind conditions

Question 36

Disadvantages of wind tunnels

Answer 36

Expensive