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PE Paper 1 > Biomechanical principles and use of technology > Flashcards

Biomechanical principles and use of technology Flashcards

1
Q

What does Newtons 1st Law of Inertia state?

A

Body continues in a state of rest of uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external or unbalanced force

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2
Q

What does Newtons 2nd Law of Acceleration state?

A

A body’s rate of change of momentum is proportional to the size of the force applied and acts in the same direction

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3
Q

What does Newtons 3rd Law of Reaction state?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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4
Q

Define velocity and state its calculation

A

Rate of change of displacements
Displacement / time taken (m/s)

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5
Q

Define momentum and state its calculation

A

Quantity of motion possessed by a moving body
Mass x velocity (kg/m/s)

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6
Q

Define acceleration and state its calculation

A

Rate of change of velocity
(final velocity - initial velocity) / time take (m/s/s)

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7
Q

Define force and state its calculation

A

A push or pull that alters the state of motion of a body
Mass x acceleration (N)

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8
Q

What does a force do?

A

Creates motion
Decelerate/accelerate a body
Change shape/directional of the body

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9
Q

What is a net force?

A

Sum of all forces acting on a body

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10
Q

What does it mean for the net force to be 0?

A

No change in motion as forces are balanced

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11
Q

What is weight?

A

Gravitational pull that the earth exerts on a body
Mass x acceleration

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12
Q

What is reaction?

A

Equal and opposite force exerted by the body in response to an action force place upon it

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13
Q

What is friction?

A

Forces that opposes the motion of two surfaces in contact

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14
Q

What factors affect friction?

A

Roughness of ground surface
Roughness of contact surface
Temperature
Size of normal reaction

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15
Q

What is air resistance?

A

Force that opposes motion through air

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16
Q

What factors affect air resistance?

A

Velocity
Shape
Frontal cross sectional area
Smoothness of surface

17
Q

What is the centre of mass?

A

The point at which an object is balanced in all directions. As a person raises their arms, the COM raises upwards

18
Q

What is stability?

A

The ability of the body to resist motion and remain at rest.
Being able to withstand a force applied and return to its original position without damage.

19
Q

What factors affect stability?

A

Mass of body
Height of COM
Size of base of support
Line of gravity

20
Q

What makes up a lever?

A

Lever = bone
Fulcrum = joint
Effort = muscular force
Load = weight or resistance

21
Q

What is a 1st class lever?

A

EFL or LFE

22
Q

What is a 2nd class lever?

A

ELF or FLE

23
Q

What is a 3rd class lever?

A

LEF or FEL

24
Q

What is the effort arm?

A

Distance from the fulcrum and effort

25
Q

What is the load arm?

A

Distance from the load and fulcrum

26
Q

What is mechanical advantage?

A

The effort arm is longer than the load arm. A large load can be moved with a small effort. (2nd class lever)

27
Q

What is mechanical disadvantage?

A

The load arm is longer than the effort arm. A large effort moves a small load. (3rd class level)

28
Q

What is limb kinematics?

A

Studies the movements of limbs
Put reflective markers on the performers bond landmarks. They are filmed and the data is transferred into a digital format.

29
Q

Advantages of limb kinematics

A

Data immediately available
Changes can be made to techniques
Examine causes of injury

30
Q

Disadvantages of limb kinematics

A

Expensive
Requires lab conditions

31
Q

What is a force plate?

A

A platform that measures all of the forces applied when a performer stands, steps or jumps on it. Measures ground reaction

32
Q

Advantages of force plates

A

Fast and accurate results
Analysis of gait
Results useful to plan development programme

33
Q

Disadvantages of force plates

A

Expensive
Require lab conditions

34
Q

What is a wind tunnel?

A

A chamber through which air is flowed through

35
Q

Advantages of wind tunnels

A

Adapt equipment and techniques
Mimics wind conditions

36
Q

Disadvantages of wind tunnels

A

Expensive

PE Paper 1 (10 decks)

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