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Mo-Neuro 4 > Limbic System- OJ > Flashcards

Limbic System- OJ Flashcards

1
Q

Limbic System

A

Girdle/ Border
hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, fornix, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, limbic cortex, and limbic midbrain areas.

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2
Q

how does brain create valence?

A

nociceptor connected via basic reflexes to withdraw from stimuli

Our circultry wants us to avoid noxious stuff

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3
Q

Appetitive reflexes

A

reflexive ingestion and enteric reflexes move some stimuli through enteric system, reject others

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4
Q

Enteric Nervous system

A

subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that directly controls the gastrointestinal system.

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5
Q

____________ predict appetitive v. aversive events and engage more
complex behaviors accordingly

A

feedforward mechanisms

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6
Q

Emotion

A

• the complex psychophysiological experience of
an individual’s state of mind, interacting with
environmental influences.

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7
Q

emotion fundamentally involves

appetitive or aversive events, via links between:

A

–physiological arousal
–expressive behaviors (facial), actions, action
tendencies
–conscious experience (feelings), sensations,
perceptions

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8
Q

Autonomic Tendency

Anger

A

Flushing, “Heat” “Pressure”

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9
Q

Fear- Autonomic Tendency

A

Cold”, pallor, diaphoresis, t

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10
Q

Desire

A

Action Tendency

Approach

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11
Q

Insula

A

primary interoceptive cortex

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12
Q

Modern Ideas about the

Neurophysiology of Emotion

A
  • The Amygdala
  • Ventromedial Prefrontal (Orbitofrontal) Cortex
  • Insula
  • Ventral Striatum/Nucleus Accumbens
  • Ventral Tegmental Area-Dopamine
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13
Q

MYTHS about the Neurophysiology

of Emotion

A
  • The Amygdala is all about fear
  • Ventral Tegmental Area-Dopamine is all about reward
  • Neither is “true”
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14
Q

Inferior temporal cells

A

Integrates sensory input

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15
Q

Ganglionic eminences becomes

A

Amygdala

Striatum

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16
Q

Basolateral Amygdala complex does?

A

Input

17
Q

Centromedial Amygdala complex does?

A

Output

18
Q

Intercalated cells?

A

GABAnergic

?

19
Q

Optogenetics

A

technique using light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels (rhodopsins= original study channels)

allowed for fundamental wiring discoveries

20
Q

Optogenetics Discoveries

A

Fear Conditioning,
Fear Extinction,
Appetitive Conditioning

21
Q

Mouse- Sound/ shock experiment

A

sound: Auditory thalamus, auditory cortex– amygdala

shock- somatosensory thalamus –> somatosensory cortex–> amygdala

Fire together, wire together: sound will lead to fear response

22
Q

Mouse- Sound/ shock experiment timing

A

Shock does not need to be immediate

Ach give a “memory window” to relate an event

Half hour

23
Q

Mouse- Sound/ shock –> sound/ neutral experiment

~EXTINCTION

A

EXTINCTION

Rodent can suppress fear response if sound is paired with something better (vs shock)

Temporary suppression, will revert to fear if neutral pairing stops

Needs intercalated cells for extinction

24
Q

Nucleus Accumbens/

Ventral Striatum Potentiating

A

Basolateral group in amygdala can project to Nucleus Accumbens/ Ventral Striatum

Potentiate between neutral stimulus (sound) and appetite pairing

25
Q

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

(Orbitofrontal Cortex) and gambling

A
  • High risk vs low risk card piles
  • Control subject: did not “understand” the difference, but had ↑ Symp response when picking from high risk pile

-Brain damaged patient
Never responded to more risky pile

26
Q

Iowa Gambling Task & Orbitofrontal

Cortex (VmOFC) Lesions

A

• Impairment in ability to estimate the risk/reward
associated with certain behaviors

• Impairment in ability to select behaviors based on risk/
reward calculations

27
Q

Iowa Gambling Task & Orbitofrontal

Cortex (VmOFC) Lesions Implications

A

Implies “subconscious” “gut feeling” about the
implications of a given behavior

• Implies suppression of behaviors felt to be excessively
risky, esp. in context of social function

28
Q

Phineas Gage

A

Problems estimating strategy esp. in social situations

Orbitofrontal damage

29
Q

Dopaminergic Projections:

A 
• Nigrostriatal
• Mesolimbic
• Mesocortical
• Tuberoinfindibular:
DA inhibits PRL release
30
Q

VTA releases Dopamine in response to errors in predictions different subregions of VTA concerned with _____________________- subregions have different projections

A

REWARD, PUNISHMENT, or even SALIENCE, SURPRISE

31
Q

Mesolimbic path

A

?

32
Q

mesocortical pathway

A

?

Mo-Neuro 4 (37 decks)

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