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Neuroanatomy Rewind Unit III > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

The ___________ system is also a part of the limbic system

A

olfactory

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2
Q

All limbic structures are either ______________ or have direct connections with it

A

allocortex (have less than 6 layers)

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3
Q

The 3 layers of the allocortex (limbic cortex) from pial (basal) to apical are the _________, _____________, and ___________

A

molecular, pyramidal/granule, polymorphic

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4
Q

The layer of the allocortex closest to the ventricular surface is the ________

A

polymorphic layer

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5
Q

The allocortex is split into 2 types of cortex:

A

paleocortex (parahippocampal gyrus, subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus), archicortex (hippocampal formation)

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6
Q

The paleocortex is part of the allocortex and is comprised of the _____________, _____________, __________, and ___________

A

Entorhinal cortex, piriform cortex, subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus

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7
Q

The most anterior portion of the limbic cortex is the ___________, which is part of the ______________.
Just anterior to it is the _____________

A

piriform cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, uncus (part of the amygdala)

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8
Q

The ____________, part of the ___________ which is ultimately part of the ____________ of the allocortex covers the amygdala medially

A

piriform cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, paleocortex

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9
Q

The ___________, part of the ______________ covers the hippocampal formation

A

entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus

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10
Q

The ________ is anterior to the hippocampal formation which is the connection with the ____________

A

amygdala, cingulate gyrus

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11
Q

The limbic association cortex includes the __________ and ___________ and receives inputs from the ____________

A

temporal pole, orbitofrontal cortex, association areas of the neocortex

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12
Q

VTA =

A

ventral tegmental area (dopaminergic)

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13
Q

The VTA is ___________, the locus ceruleus is ___________, the raphe nuclei are __________, and the basal nucleus of Meynert is ___________

A

dopaminergic, norepinephrine, serotonergic, cholinergic

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14
Q

The VTA only communicates with ____________ structures, while the Basal Nucleus of Meynert (BNM) only communicates with __________ structures

A

anterior, posterior

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15
Q

The _____________ has limbic projections to the amygdala and hippocampal formation and influences arousal, attention, and memory

A

Basal nucleus of Meynert (part of etiology of Alzheimers)

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16
Q

The _____________ is associated with etiology of Alzheimers

A

Basal Nucleus of Meynert (BNM)

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17
Q

The __________ has limbic projections to amygdala, hipppocampal formation, and hypothalamus

A

dorsal and median raphe nuclei

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18
Q

The _________ are contained in the rostral pons

A

raphe nuclei

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19
Q

SSRI’s interact with the ________ and demonstrate role in depression, anxiety, OCD, and mood disorders

A

raphe nuclei

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20
Q

The locus ceruleus in the ___________ demonstrates interaction with _________ to affect mood

A

dorsal mid pons, SNRI’s (serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

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21
Q

The 5 limbic structures in the brainstem are the:

A

basal nucleus of Meynert (within ventral pallidum/substantia innominata), dorsal and median raphe nuclei (dorsomedian ROSTRAL pons), locus ceruleus (dorsolateral MID pons), and VTA (ventromedian rostral midbrain)

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22
Q

The ________ has limbic projections to the hypothalamus, septal nuclei, nucleus accumbens, and ventral pallidum)

A

VTA

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23
Q

The _________ is part of the etiology of addition and substance abuse

A

VTA

24
Q

The _______ receive input from the VTA via the __________

A

VTA medial forebrain bundle

25
Q

The septal nuclei have connections with the ________, _________, and _________

A

hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus

26
Q

Lesion to the ________ produces sham rage

A

septal nuclei

27
Q

The nucleus accumbens is in the __________

A

ventral striatum

28
Q

The ____________ is involved in addiction pathologies and has been implicated in experiments with rats before where it was stimulated by the rats until death

A

nucleus accumbens

29
Q

The ___________, __________, and ____________ all are excitatory inputs to the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens), which is an inhibitory input to the ____________

A

amygdala, hippocampus, limbic cortex, ventral pallidum

30
Q

Both the motor loop and limbic loop use _____________ inputs

A

dopaminergic

31
Q

Dysfunction of the VTA is implicated in _______________. It is an analagous structure to the ____________

A

schizophrenia, substantia nigra

32
Q

Destruction of the amygdala results in ______________ which in which people exhibit __________, ____________, and ____________

A

Kluver-Bucey Syndrome, hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior

33
Q

The hypothalamus regulates the ____________ part of emotion

A

autonomic (ex. heart rate)

34
Q

The 3 parts of the hippocampal formation are the _________, ___________, and the ____________

A

subiculum, hippocampus proper, dentate gyrus

35
Q

The ____________ is the transition layer between the 5-layered entorhinal cortex (paleocortex) and 3-layered hippocampus and dentate gyrus (archicortex)

A

subiculum (part of the hippocampal formation)

36
Q

The hippocampal formation receives afferent input from the __________ which starts with the __________ which projects to the _____________

A

perforant pathway, entorhinal cortex, dentate gyrus (molecular layer)

37
Q

The purpose of the hippocampal formation is ________________

A

memory consolidation: short-term and immediate memories are encoded as long term memories

38
Q

The __________ is responsible for explicit (declarative) memory only

A

hippocampal formation

39
Q

Bilateral lesion to the hippocampal formation produce ____________, but no ________________

A

anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia

40
Q

The ________ is the efferent pathway between the hippocampal formation and the mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus. It is part of the ________

A

fornix, papez circuit

41
Q

The entorhinal cortex receives sensory input from all association cortices and olfactory cortices and emotional information from amygdala, and it also receives input from the the _______________. Then projections from the __________ are sent via the __________________ to the _____________

A

cingulate cortex, molecular layer of dentate gyrus, polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus, alveus (of the subiculum), fornix

42
Q

The ________ is the most medial portion of the hippocampal formation

A

dentate gyrus

43
Q

A patient presents who gives answers to your questions in full sentences, but the answers are not related to your questions. You diagnose him with:
This syndrome is due to ____________

A

Korsakoff syndrome, thiamine deficiency (after excessive alcohol consumption)

44
Q

A patient presents with opthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion. You diagnose him with:

A

Wernike-Korsakoff syndrome or Wernkie encephalopathy

45
Q

Wernike encephalopathy is __________ while Wernkie-Korsakoff is __________

A

reversible, not reversible

46
Q

A lesion of the trigeminal motor nucleus will also likely lesion the ____________

A

locus ceruleus (influences sleep and arousal along with autonomic functions, SNRI’s affect mood, norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter in this area)

47
Q

A person with lesion to the red nucleus (ataxia) will also likely have lesion to the ______________ which has projections to the ________________

A

VTA, limbic loop of the basal nuclei

48
Q

The _________, ___________, ___________, and ___________ are all basal nuclei that contribute to the limbic loop
Both the _________ and the _________ receive input from the VTA, and the ________ communicates with the fornix

A

These are in order from the nuclei that receives input from the VTA to the nucleus in the thalamus:
[septal nuclei, nucleus accumbens], ventral pallidum, dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus

septal nuclei, nucleus accumbens, septal nuclei

49
Q

The limbic loop projects to the _________________________________ via the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus

A

limbic, prefrontal, and orbitofrontal association cortices

50
Q

The _________ artery supplies the hippocampal formation and amygdala

A

anterior choroidal artery

51
Q

The cingulate gyrus blood supply is the ________________

A

pericallosal branch of anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

52
Q

Mamillary nuclei blood supply is ___________

A

posteromedial branches of posterior communicating artery

53
Q

The _______________ is contained in the ventral pallidum

A

Basal nucleus of Meynert

54
Q

Nucleus Accumbens expresses receptors for _____________

A

endogenous opiates

55
Q

The limbic loop functions to __________________

A

disinhibit the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus

56
Q

The connection of the limbic loop with the cerebral cortex is entirely facilitated by ________________

A

dopaminergic connections (b/c VTA —> Nucleus Accumbens —> ventral pallidum —> DM nucleus of thalamus)

Neuroanatomy Rewind Unit III (9 decks)

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