Emotion Risk and Reward

Question 1

_________ and _________ are activated when experiencing pain and when observing pain, which is proof of the theory of mind

Answer 1

anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex

Question 2

Theory of mind:

Answer 2

empathy tasks require a subject to consider the emotional state of others and themselves in response to emotionally-charged stimuli

Question 3

Events that result in a better-than-expected outcome cause ______________

Answer 3

VTA neurons to fire more (dopamine neurons)

Question 4

VTA neurons are ___________

Answer 4

dopaminergic

Question 5

autonomic activity is part of ______________, and is considered ______________

Answer 5

emotion (a composite of feelings, behavior, and physiological expression), physiologic expression

Question 6

________________ is used in polygraphs and used to measure overall emotional arousal.

Answer 6

skin conductance response

Question 7

Individuals with ______________ typically exhibit an SCR when viewing pictures of family members despite being unable to consciously recognize their faces

Answer 7

prosopagnosia

Question 8

The __________ theory of emotion proposes that sensory stimuli lead to autonomic physiological responses which then produce conscious feelings

Answer 8

James Lange

Question 9

The James Lange theory of emotion states that _____________ lead to ___________ which causes _____________

Answer 9

sensory stimuli, autonomic physiological responses (ex. increased heart rate), conscious feelings

Question 10

The ___________ theory of emotion proposes that sensory stimuli are projected to and processed by both the cortex and the hypothalamus to produce conscious feelings and autonomic physiological response at the same time

Answer 10

Cannon-Bard

Question 11

__________ are performed to alleviate epileptic seizures

Answer 11

callosotomy (corpus callosum is severed)

Question 12

A patient who has undergone _____________ can perceive an object using both verbal and non-verbal cues if the object is seen in the right visual field, but is unable to identify the object verbally or nonverbally (by pointing) if it is seen in the left visual field. However, they may still be able to exhibit emotions toward the object despite not recognizing it.

Answer 12

callosotomy

Question 13

Facial expressions are often more quickly and fully expressed on the ________ side of the face

Answer 13

left

Question 14

The duchenne smile is emotion-driven contraction of the __________ and the __________ stimulated by motor areas in the ______________

Answer 14

orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus major, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

Question 15

The ____________ mediates non-conscious emotion-driven facial movements like the __________

Answer 15

cingulate motor cortex, duchenne smile

Question 16

__________ hemispheric asymmetries require a larger stressor to produce negative affect/inhibition and a smaller reward to produce positive affect/approach

Answer 16

left-ward

Question 17

The hemispheric-asymmetry hypothesis is based on __________________

Answer 17

resting prefrontal EEG asymmetries

Question 18

Human subjects who self-rate highly on _____________ demonstrate right-ward asymmetry in resting prefrontal EEG

Answer 18

behavioral inhibition (“I feel worried when I think I have done poorly at something)

Question 19

In rhesus monkeys, ___________ are positively correlated with degree of right-ward asymmetry

Answer 19

basal cortisol levels

Question 20

Damage to the __________ impairs a subjects ability to recognize emotions, especially disgust.
It also correlates with an inability to recognize pain as damaging (analagnosia)

Answer 20

insular cortex

Question 21

The _________ integrates information from the limbic area and the somatosensory association cortex and lesion to it produces _______________

Answer 21

insular cortex, lack of ability to recognize emotions (esp. disgust) and analagnosia

Question 22

__________ are active when one is in a specific region of an area

Answer 22

place cells