Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy Rewind Unit III > Chronic Pain Syndromes > Flashcards

Chronic Pain Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

The spinothalamic tract is the _________ pathway of the ________

A

direct, anterolateral system (ALS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The spinoreticulothalamic tract is the _________ pathway of the _____________

A

indirect, anterolateral system (ALS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The ______________ runs from the spinal cord to the VPL nucleus of the thalamus and mediates sensory-discriminative aspects of pain (what, where, when). It is processes well-localized signals

A

spinothalamic tract (direct pathway of the ALS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ______________ runs from the spinal cord to the intralaminar thalamic nucleus via reticular formation. It mediates affective-motivational aspects of pain and is poor at localizing pain

A

spinoreticulothalamic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The cell bodies of first-order neurons in the spinoreticulothalamic tract are in the _______ and they are ________.

A

PRG, bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Second order neurons of the spinoreticulothalamic tract have their cell bodies in the _________ and their axons enter the ____________ before synapsing in the ____________ and then finally in the __________

A

posterior horn of the spinal cord, contralateral ALS, reticular formation (brainstem), medial thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

__________ are 3rd order neurons of the spinoreticulothalamic tract that have their cell bodies in the __________.
Their axons enter the ____________ and project to diverse cortical areas

A

thalamocortical neurons, intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, posterior limb of internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The primary sensory neuron of the spinoreticulothalamic tract has the following electrophysiological classification: ________ and a diameter that is _________ than any other peripheral neuron. They are __________ mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors

A

C, smaller, high-threshhold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pain receptors of the spinoreticulothalamic tract are __________ and have a ________ receptive field

A

pseudounipolar unmyelinated C fibers, small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PRG = _________

A

posterior root ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Central process of pain receptors of spinoreticulothalamic tract enter spinal cord in the ________ of the __________. Branches then enter the ____________

A

lateral division, posterior root entry zone, posterolateral fasciculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

descending branches of the posterolateral fasciclulus participate in ___________

A

cutaneous spinal reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

C fibers of pain sensors of spinoreticulothalamic (SRT) tract ascend in the _________ and synapse mainly in ___________ which contains interneurons that project to _________

A

posterolateral fasciculus, lamina II (substantia gelatinosa), lamina V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_________ contains projection neurons whose axons decussate and travel to ALS fibers to brainstem and thalamic targets

A

lamina V (in the spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lamina V receives C fiber input via _________

A

interneurons in lamina II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Axons of lamina V neurons decussate in the ____________ and axons ascend rostrally over ______ segments as they decussate

A

anterior white commissure, 2-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__________ fibers synapse in the reticular formation and then these reticulothalamic fibers project to ___________

A

spinoreticular fibers, intralaminar nuclei of thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

spinoreticular fibers are responsible for ______________ of pain

A

emotional-affective aspects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

__________ fibers of the ALS project to periaqueductal gray (pain modulation)

A

spinomesencephalic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus include _______ and ________ as well as others

A

centromedian (CM), parafascicular (PF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

intralaminar nuclei of the medial thalamus project to _________ and the _________ among others

A

anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The ________ is important in discriminating the quality and intensity of stimuli (interoception), as well as monitors motivational and affective (emotional) aspects of pain

A

insular cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A word for the discrimination of quality and intensity of stimuli is:

A

interoception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The ________ (Brodmann area ____) is part of the limbic system for emotions and activation increases when stimuli are judged to be more unsettling and unpleasant

A

anterior cingulate cortex, 24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A-delta fibers of _______ project via ____________ tract to the _______ nucleus of the thalamus and then to ____________ cortex

A

lamina I (sensory-discriminative pain), spinothalamic tract, VPL, primary somatosensory cortex (S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

congenital analgesia which is due to ______________ is a condition where a person has insensitivity to pain

A

A mutation in a tyrosine kinase receptor (NGF receptor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The most common reason for seeking medial attention is _________

A

persistent pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

_________ has no purpose and is best described as a ‘disease’

A

chronic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

__________ is pain that results from direct injury to PNS or CNS nerves, and it is considered _______ pain

A

neuropathic pain, chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

__________ describes the phenomenon where nerve loss due to injury produces chronic hypersensitivity to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia) and innocuous stimuli (allodynia)

A

neuropathic pain paradox

31
Q

________ and _______ are the most common clinical manifestations of chronic pain

A

hyperalgesia, allodynia

32
Q

Complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I) is a type of __________ where the cause is __________

A

neuropathic pain paradox, unknown due to no definable nerve lesion

33
Q

______________ cause excruciating pain often described as burning, aching, pricking, or shooting and may be increased in emotional or physical stress.

A

Complex regional pain syndrome II (CRPS II)

34
Q

A patient presents with severe emotional distress and an excruciating shooting pain in in his extremity. What is the diagnosis?

A

CRPS II

35
Q

The 2 types of peripheral pain conditions are:

A

phantom limb pain, CRPS

36
Q

The 2 types of central pain conditions are:

A

central post-stroke pain, spinal cord injury (30-50% of all central pain conditions)

37
Q

The only somatic pain condition we cover in this course is ________

A

fibromyalgia

38
Q

The most common form of somatic pain condition is _______ and is in the same category as _________

A

arthritis, fibromyalgia

39
Q

The _______ pain pathway regulates sensory aspects of pain, while the _________ pathway regulates emotional/motivational aspects

A

lateral, medial

40
Q

The __________ and _________ in the pons are associated with the medial pain pathway which regulates emotional and motivational aspects of pain

A

locus ceruleus, parabrachial nucleus

41
Q

Pain sensory fibers in the lateral pain pathway are _________, while fibers in the medial pathway are ________

A

A-delta fibers, C fibers

42
Q

The ________ of the medial pain system have _________ receptive fields but these fields are ______ in number

A

C fibers, large, fewer

43
Q

C fibers in the medial pain system synapse in ________ and release _________

A

laminae I and II, substance P

44
Q

allodynia results from collateral sprouting onto superficial laminae of _______ fibers

A

A-beta

45
Q

The _________ tract has direct projections to limbic structures

A

spinolimbic

46
Q

spinolimbic tract fibers have direct projections to the ________, ________, and _________

A

anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, amygdala

47
Q

The _________ tract provides a mechanism for nociceptive signals to influence the limbic loop of brain structures

A

spinolimbic tract

48
Q

Brodman areas ____ and ______ receive afferent inputs from the spinolimbic fibers of the medial pain system

A

24, 25

49
Q

Brodman areas 24 and 25 are part of the ________ and are activated _________ to pain stimuli

A

medial pain system, bilaterally

50
Q

stimulation of Brodmann area 24 produces ______, ______, and ________

A

fear, pleasure, agitation

51
Q

Brodmann areas 24 and 25 refer to the _________ cortex

A

anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

52
Q

Ablation of the _________ eliminates emotional responses to noxious stimuli but leaves sensory localization intact and does not change the perception of pain intensity

A

anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

53
Q

Patients with ______ and _______ have altered activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

A

CRPS, fibromyalgia

54
Q

The ________ cortex is part of the medial pain system and is the integrative center for sensory, affective, and cognitive components of pain; implicated in the experience of acute anxiety

A

insular cortex

55
Q

Lesion of the __________ cortex produces asymbolia for pain

A

insular cortex

56
Q

A patient lacks the awareness of the painful or hurtful nature of painful stimuli and so have fewer of the normal emotional, motor, or verbal responses to it. What is the diagnosis?

A

lesion of the insular cortex

57
Q

aysmbolia is clinically noticable as _________

A

analagnosia

58
Q

The ________ of the amygdala is for nociceptive processing

A

central nucleus (CeA)

59
Q

The central nucleus of the amygdala receives afferent inputs from __________, __________, and _________

A

parabrachial nucleus, locus ceruleus (part of ARAS), basolateral amygdala (reciprocal connections with ACC and insular cortices)

60
Q

The __________ receives polymodal sensory inputs. It has reciprocal connections with the ACC and insular cortex and is one of the afferents to the ___________

A

basolateral amygdala, central nucleus (CeA) of the amydala

61
Q

The medial pain system spinoreticular tract starts in the spinal cord and projects to multiple nuclei of the ___________.
The __________ then project to the midline and intralaminar nuclei in the thalamus. From here the thalamic nuclei project to _________ and _________ in the cerebrum.

A

brainstem reticular formation, medullary reticular nuclei, limbic cortices, amygdala

62
Q

The _______ contributes to general arousal/attention and regulates physiological resposes to pain via the __________

A

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)

63
Q

The spinoreticular tract carries projections from the spinal cord to these 3 nuclei:

A

multiple reticular nuclei, parabrachial nucleus (PBN), locus ceruleus (LC)

64
Q

The _______ contains neurons responsive to cutaneous and visceral pain (part of the central autonomic network: CAN). It receives visceral inputs from the solitary nucleus

A

parabrachial nucleus (PBN)

65
Q

The ________________ is the mechanism by which nociceptive signals enter limbic system and it integrates autonomic functions with sterotyped emotional movements and gestures

A

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN)

66
Q

The __________ projects to the amygdala (CeA) and insular cortex

A

PBN

67
Q

The locus ceruleus (LC) in the pons is part of the descending modulatory system for pain via projections from _____ and _______

A

ACC, PAG

68
Q

The 2 nuclei of the medulla that receive nociceptive signals from the posterior horn of the spinal cord via the reticular formation are:

A

nucleus raphe magnus (NuRaM) and gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GigRetNu)

69
Q

The gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GigRetN) is ________ in relation to the nucleus raphe magnus (NuRaM)

A

lateral

70
Q

The 2 reticular nuclei in the pons that participate in the medial pain system are

A

Lateral parabrachial nucleus (PNuL) and Medial parabrachial nucleus (PNuM)

71
Q

Intralaminar thalamic nuclei project to __________ and ____________

A

anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex

72
Q

A delta fibers of the direct pathway for pain ascend in _________, while C fibers of indirect pathway ascend in ___________

A

lamina I (very lateral in spinal column), lamina V (very medial in spinal column)

73
Q

__________ pain is due to central nervous structures, while ___________ pain is due to extremely peripheral structures

A

neuropathic, nociceptive

74
Q

A lesion to the anterior thalamus will produce ___________ symptoms, while lesion to the posterior thalamus will produce __________ symptoms

A

motor, sensory

Neuroanatomy Rewind Unit III (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions