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Neuro Anatomy > Limbic > Flashcards

Limbic Flashcards

1
Q

Limbus location

A

Medially and centrally in CNS

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2
Q

Limbic system extends from

A

Forebrain to brainstem

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3
Q

Olfaction

A

Olfactory cortex

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4
Q

Memory

A

Hippocampal formation

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5
Q

Emotions and drives

A

Amygdala

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6
Q

Homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Medial structures

A

Cingulate gurus

Parahippocampal gurus

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8
Q

Lateral structures

A

Temporal pole
Anterior insular cortex
Orbital frontal gyros

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9
Q

Inferior view

A

Parahippcampal gyrus
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
Orbiofrontal gyri

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10
Q

Primary olfactory cortex

A

Piriform cortex
Periamygdaloid cortex
—> aydgala and olfactory tubercles - emotion and motivational aspect of smell

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11
Q

Secondary olfactory areas

A

Entorhinal cortex - evoke memories

Orbitofrontal olfactory area - olfactory discrimination

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12
Q

Two main areas for memory formation

A
  • medial temporal lobe memory area -

- medial diencephalon memory area

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13
Q

Medial temporal lobe memory area

A

Hippocampal formation

Parahippocampal gyrus

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14
Q

Medial diencephalon memory area

A

Mediodorsal nucleus
Anterior nuclues
Mammillary bodies

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15
Q

Parahippocampal formation

A

S shaped

  1. Dentate gyrus
  2. Hippocpamus
  3. Subiculum
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16
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus

A

Entorhinal cortex - input and output relay b/n association cortex and hippocampal formation

Perirhinal cortex - lateral to entorhinal cortex

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17
Q

Input to medial temporal lobe areas

A

Association vortices —> medial temporal structures —> entorhinal cortex—> medial temporal structures

Process and consolidate memory

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18
Q

Memories stored

A

Higher order association cortex

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19
Q

Output from medial temporal lobe areas - hippocampal

A

Subiculum

20
Q

Output from medial temporal lobe - back to association cortex

A

Entorhinal cortex

21
Q

Output from medial temporal lobe areas - via fornix

A

To mammillary bodies
To diencephalic nuclei
To septal nuclei
To amygdala

22
Q

Declarative memory

A

Explicit

Conscious recollection of facts or events/experience

23
Q

Nondeclarative memory

A

Implicit

Nonconscious recollection of skills, habits, other acquired behaviors

24
Q

Amnesia

A

Declarative memory loss

25
Q

Selective loss of declarative memory - lesion

A

To bilateral medial temporal lobe or

Bilateral medial diencephalic lesion

26
Q

Unilateral lesion of medial temporal memory area of medial diencephalic memory area

A

Usually don’t produce severe memory loss

27
Q

Working memory

A

Limited amount of info briefly in awareness

1-2 mins
*these fx must be intact for info to be converted into declarative memory

28
Q

Short-term memory

A

Recal info that was presented recently

5-60 mins

29
Q

Long term memory

A

Recall info learned some time ago

Beyond 60 mins

30
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Forming new memories after injury

31
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Loss of memories from a period of time before injury

32
Q

Lesion: combo of antero and retro amnesia

A

Bilateral temporal memory areas or

Bilateral medial diencephalic memory areas

33
Q

Retrograde amneisa suggests that

A

Recent memories are dependent on normal fox of medial temporal and diecephalic structures

Remote memories are not

34
Q

Infarcts to distal branches of PCA

A

Medial temporal lobes

35
Q

Infarcts to paramedical thalamoperforator arteries (off initial PCA)

A

Medial thalamus nuclie

36
Q

Infarct at top of basilar artery

A

Cause either bilateral medial temporal or diecephalic anoxia

37
Q

Anterior choroid (ICA) and posterior choroidal (PCA)

A

Supply parts of hippocampus and thalamus

38
Q

Wrnicke’s korsakoff syndrome

A

B1 (thiamine) deficiency
Chronic alcoholics
TPN

Mammillary bodies and medial diencephalic nuclie
If survive - anterograde and retrograde amnesia (bilateral diencephalic nuclei)

39
Q

Amygdala

A

Attaching emotional sig to stimuli and memories

40
Q

Lesion / removal of amygdala

A

Flattened emotions and/or placid behavior

41
Q

Stim/seizures to amygdala

A

Fear, panic, anxiety, rage, aggression

42
Q

Bilateral amygdalaectomy

A

Can profoundly reduce fear

  • emotion changes
  • psychic blindness
  • hyperorality
  • Hypermetamorphosis
  • Hyper sexuality
43
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Chronic, severe,
Hallucinations, flat effect, etc

Bilateral decrease in amygdala, hippocampal formation, parahippocampal gyrus
Abnormal: limbic system, frontal lobe, basal ganglia
Dopamine
Glutamine, GABA, serotonin, and or NE

Most likely combo of anatomy and NT

44
Q

OCD

A

Recurrent, unwanted through,
Relative behaviors

Increased basal ganglia, anterior cingulate gyrus, oribtofrontal cortex

Serotonin

45
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

increase NE and serotonin

Controlled by denzodiazephines

Increased activity in anterior Cingular’s and temporal cortices

46
Q

Depression

A

NE, serotonin, DA system

Increase in cortisol

Decrease global activity in frontal
Decrease cells in prefrontal cortex
Global decrease in cerebral cortex
Decreased hippocampal vol

Neuro Anatomy (22 decks)

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