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Neuro Anatomy > Brainstem > Flashcards

Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Four functional groupings

A

Cranial nerve nuclei
Sensory and motor tracts
Cerebellar circuitry
Reticular formation

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2
Q

Brainstem lesions are often associated w/

A

CN abnormalities, long tract findings, ataxia, impaired RF function

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3
Q

Upper midbrain

A

Level of superior colliculi

Oculomotor nucleus
Red nucleus
Reticular formation
Sensory and motor tracts

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4
Q

Lower midbrain

A

Level of inferior colliculi

Trochlear nucleus
Reticular formation
Sensory and motor tracts

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5
Q

Upper mid Pons

A

Pons between middle cerebellum peduncles

Superior and middle peducnlcles
Reticular formation
Sensory and motor tracts

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6
Q

Lower pons

A

Cerebellar peduncles

Abducens
Facial
Vestibular nuclie
Reticular formation
Sensory and motor tracts
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7
Q

Upper medulla

A 
Hypoglossal nucleus
Nucleus ambiguous and solitaries
CN X
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Vestibular nuclei
Reticular formation
Sensory and motor tracts
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8
Q

Lower medulla

A 
Dorsal columns and nucleus
Medial meminiscus
Internal accurate fibers
Reticular formation
Sensory and motor tracts
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9
Q

Upper reticular formation

A

Midbrain and upper pons work w/ diencephalic nuclei.

Alert, conscious state in forebrain

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10
Q

Lower reticular formation

A

Lower pons and medulla work w/ CN nuclie and SC.

Autonomic, motor, flex functions

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11
Q

Regulation of LOC

A

RF

Cortical and subcortical networks that carry out major functions of consciousness (medial and lateral frontoparietal association cortex w/ upper BS and diencephalon)

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12
Q

Lesion leading to a coma

A

Upper brainstem RF
Bilateral regions to cortex
Bilateral lesion of thalamus

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13
Q

Coma

A

Unarousable unresponsiveness in which pt lies w/ eyes closed.
Minimum duration of 1 hour.

Many brainstem reflexes, meaningful responses by cortex are absent

Not generally permanent

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14
Q

Brain death

A

Extreme and irreversible form of coma

Nor forebrain or brainstem fx

EEG is a flat pattern

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15
Q

NonREM sleep

A

Medulla

Beginning of sleep cycle

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16
Q

REM sleep

A

Pons
Inhibit muscle activity
Dreaming occurs

17
Q

Respiration

A

Medulla
Caudal nucleus solitaries
Pre-botzinger complex

Inspiration - phrenic C3-5

Insp and exp - thoracic segments

18
Q

HR and BP

A

Multiple levels

Caudal nucleus solitarius from baroreceptors

Extend to PS and symptoms oreG neurons in BS and SC

19
Q

Decorticate posturing

A

Abnormal flexor posturing

Lesion to midbrain or above

20
Q

Decerebrate posturing

A

Abnormal extensor posturing

Lesion below midbrain

21
Q

Pseudobulbar affect

A

Abnormal, frequent, uncontrollable outbursts of crying or laughing

Brainstem lesion

22
Q

Pontomedullary RF : reflexes

A 
Coughing
Hiccupping
Sneezing
Yawning
Shivering
Gagging
Vomiting
Swallowing
Laughing
Crying
23
Q

Blood supply - midbrain

A

PCA

24
Q

Blood supply - upper and lower pons

A

Basilar artery

25
Q

Blood supply - medulla

A

Vertebral artery

26
Q

Blood supply - primary blood supplier

A

Anterior spinal artery

27
Q

Blood supply - medulla (all)

A

Vertebral, anterior spinal (medial), PICA (lateral)

28
Q

Blood supply - lower pons

A

Basilar, AICA

29
Q

Blood supply - upper pons

A

Basilar, superior cerebellar

30
Q

Blood supply - midbrain (all)

A

PCA, superior cerebellar

31
Q

Practice filling in

A

Vascular territories

32
Q

Medial midbrain syndrome (Weber’s)

A

Midbrain basis
PCA and top of basilar
Oculomotor motor nerve fascicles, cerebral peduncle
Ipsilateral oculomotor pasly, contralateral hemiparesis

33
Q

Medial pontine syndrome (fovilles)

A

Medial pontine basis and tegmentum
Basilar, ventral and dorsal territories
Corticospinal and corticobulbar tract—> Contra face, arm, leg weak, dysarthria;

facial colliculus—> ipsilateral face weak and horizontal gaze palsy

medial lemniscus—> contra decreased position and vibration sense

34
Q

Locked in syndrome

A

Bilateral infarct to ventral pons (basilar artery)
Bilateral CTS and CBT
Affects horizontal eye movements
Vertical eye movements and eyelid elevation spared

35
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome (wallenberg’s)

A

Lateral medulla
Vertebral artery
Inferior cerebella peduncles, vestibular nuclei —> ipsilateral ataxia, vertigo, nystagmus nausea

Trigeminal nucleus and tract __> ipsilateral facial decreased pain and temp sense

ST tract —> contra body decreased pain and temp sense

Descending symp fibers 00> ipsilateral horner’s

Nuclues ambiguus—> hoarseness, dysphasia

Nucleus solitarius —> ipsilateral decreased taste

36
Q

Medial medullary syndrome

A

Medial medulla
Paramedics branch of cerebral and anterior spinal

Pyramidal tract —> contra arm or leg weak

Medial lemniscus —> contra decreased position and vibration

Hypoglossal nucleus and exiting CN XIII fascicles —> is pi tongue weak

37
Q

5Ds

A 
Diplopia
Dizziness
Drop attack 
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
38
Q

3Ns

A

Nausea
Numbness/tingling
Nystagmus

Neuro Anatomy (22 decks)

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