Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Anatomy > Cerebral Hemispheres And Vascular Supply > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemispheres And Vascular Supply Flashcards

1
Q

% of problems in cranial cavity that are vascular

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Loss of consciousness occurs when

A

The brain is deprived of oxygen for ~10 seconds, after ~3 minutes brain damage will result
After 10 minutes, brain death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

No dominant hemisphere

A

(Right), association cortex (parietal lobe > frontal lobe) attention to contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Anterior - internal carotid arteries
Posterior- vertebrobasilar
Circle of Willis
-and and posterior circulation joined by this circle
-provides opportunity for collateral blood flow
-major cerebral vessels arise from Circle of Willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Main arteries supplying cerebral hemispheres

Anterior circulation-terminal branches of ICAs

A

Anterior cerebral arteries - jointed by anterior communicating artery
Middle cerebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Main arteries supplying cerebral hemisphere

Posterior circulation

A

Vertebral arteries-converge to form basilar
Posterior cerebral arteries - arise from top of basilar

Posterior communicating arteries - join ICAs and PCAs. Joins anterior circulation to posterior circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three main cerebral arteries

A

ACA, MCA, PCA

Gives off numerous branches that travel over surface of brain and into sulci-supply superficial cortex and underlying white after

Gives off small branches that arise from initial segments of cerebral arteries at base of brain to supply deeper structures- BG, thalamus, internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

A

Supplies most of the anterior medial surface of the cortex from the frontal to anterior parietal lobes

Anterior portion of caudate nucleus
Putamen
Internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Middle cerebral artery

A

Most of lateral cortex
Enters Sylvian fissue to bifurcate into superior and inferior divisions

Most of caudate nucleus, putamen, globes pallidus, genu of internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Superior division of middle cerebral artery

A

Cortex about sylvian fissure (lateral frontal lobe and most of insula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inferior division of middle cerebral artery

A

Supplies cortex below sylvian fissue (lateral temporal lobe and portion of parietal lobe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Posterior cerebral artery

A

Inferior and medial temporal lobes
Medial occipital cortex and most of medial parietal cortex
Thalamus and hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lenticulostriate artiers

A

Small penetrating vessels at base of brain
Arise from initial portions of MCA before it enters sylvian fissure

Portions of basal ganglia and internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anterior choroidal artery

A

Arise from ICA
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Portion of globes pallidus, putamen, lateral thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ischemia events are most common in

A

MCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ischemia in MCA- three divisions

A
  1. Superior division
  2. Inferior division
  3. Deep territory
17
Q

Stem infarcts

A

Proximal MCA occlusion affecting superior, inferior and deep territory divisions

18
Q

Left MCA superior division

A
  • right face and arm weakness
  • UMN type
  • non fluent or brocas aphasia

Cortical-type sensory loss- problems with localization and/or higher order sensory functions -

19
Q

Left MCA inferior division

A
  • Fluent or wernicke’s aphasia
  • right visual field deficit
  • Right face and arm cortical type sensory loss
  • mild right sided weakness may be present (edge of motor cortex)
20
Q

Left MCA deep territory

A
  • Right pure motor hemiparesis UMN-BG and left upper posterior internal capsule (descending CTS)
  • Aphasia - axons to broca’s or wernicke’s
21
Q

Left MCA stem

A
  • Combo of deficits for MCA
  • Right hemiplegia
  • R hemiansesthesia- PSC, sensory association cortex and left upper posterior internal capsule
  • R homonymous hemianopia
  • Global aphasia - broca’s and wericke’s
  • Left gaze preference - damage to left frontal eye fields and parietal cortical areas (normally drive eye movements toward opposite side)
22
Q

Left ACA

A
  • right leg weakness UMN and cortical type sensory loss
  • Grasp reflex - presence of primitive reflexes (frontal release signs)
  • frontal lobe behavioral abnormality
  • Transcortical motor aphasia- normal comp and repetition is spared but impaired fluency (language areas in frontal lobe)
  • large infarcts cause Right hemiplegia - ACA territory could extend to UE motor cortex (rare)
23
Q

Right ACA

A
  • left leg weakness UMN and cortical type sensory loss
  • grasp reflex
  • frontal lobe behavioral abnormalities
  • Left hemineglect - right frontal lobe (r hemisphere is spatial awareness)
  • larger infarcts may cause hemiplegia
24
Q

Right MCA superior division

A
  • left face and arm weakness UMN
  • Left hemineglect (right hemisphere - spatial awareness)
  • may have some left face/arm cortical type sensory loss
25
Q

Right MCA inferior division

A
  • Profound left hemineglect (r parietal - visual cortex and right hemisphere is spatial awareness
  • left visual field and somatosensory deficits (hard to test)
  • Motor reflect w/ decreased voluntary or spontaneous initiation on left side
  • some mild left sided weakness
  • often right gaze preference
26
Q

Right MCA deep territory

A
  • left pure motor hemiparesis of UMN

- large infarcts produce cortical deficits like left hemineglect

27
Q

Right MCA stem

A
  • left hemiplegia
  • left hemianestesia
  • left homonymous hemaniopia
  • profound hemineglect
  • right gaze preference
28
Q

left PCA

A
  • right homonymous hemianopia
  • extension to selenium of corpus callosum—alexia without agraphia (reading impairment without writing impairment-prevents processing of written material due to damage of post CC and left PVC)
  • larger infarcts to thalamus and internal capsule: aphasia, right hemisensory loss, right hemiparesis
29
Q

Right PCA

A
  • left homonymous hemianopia

- large including thalamus and internal capsule: left hemisensory loss and hemiparesis

30
Q

Watershed infarcts

A

Regions b/n cerebral arteries are called watershed zones

Can occur where the cerebral vascular territories meet-where brain parenchyma is furthest from the arterial supply making it most vulnerable to reductions in perfusion

ACA-MCA zone
MCA-PCA zone

31
Q

ACA-MCA watershed infarct

A
  • sudden occasion of an ICA
  • drop in BP in pt w/ carotid stenosis

Can produce proximal arm and leg weakness (homunculus regions would include proximal limbs and trunk)

32
Q

MCA-PCA watershed infarcts

A

Problems w/ higher order visual processing

Interrupts pathway from PVC to visual association cortex

33
Q

Bilateral watershed infarcts

A

Both ACA-MCA and MCA-PCA can occur w/ severe drops in systemic BP

34
Q

Risk factors for ischemic event

A 
Hypertension
Diabetes
Hypercholesterolemia
Cigarette smoking
Positive family hx
Cardiac disease
Prior history of stroke or other vascular disease

Neuro Anatomy (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions