Cerebellum Patho

Question 1

Cerebellar nuclie w/in each cerebellar hemisphere

Answer 1

Denate nucleus

Interposed nuclei - emboliform, globase

Fastigial nuclei

Question 2

Info from the cerebellum is used to

Answer 2

Plan and program voluntary movement, skilled learned movement

Question 3

Cerebellum anatomy and function

Answer 3

Integrated structure critical for environmental adaptations

Compares ongoing movement w/ motor command from cortex

Question 4

Flocculonodular lobe received most of its info from

Answer 4

vestibular nuclei

Question 5

Flocculonodular lobe primary role

Answer 5

Regulate balance, influence eye movements needed for visual tracking

Question 6

Peripheral feedback to cerebellum by

Answer 6

Muscle spindles
GTO
Joint and cutaneous receptors
Vestibular apparatus
Eyes and ears

Question 7

Closed loop system

Answer 7

Control system employing feedback which is used as a reference for correctness, a computation of error and subsequent correction in order to maintain a desired state

Question 8

Cerebellum is also Feed forward control

Answer 8

Program voluntary movements based on memory

Performs predictive compensatory modifications of reflexes in preparation for movement w/ input from basal ganglia

Vital to anticipatory muscle activity

Question 9

Cerebellum as Open loop system

Answer 9

Preprogrammed instructrtions to effector that does not use feedback info and error detection processes

Stereotyped movement and rapid short duration - do not allow sufficient time for feeedback and are controlled by open loop system

Originates from motor program, memory or preprogrammed pattern of info

Question 10

If cerebellum is damaged

Answer 10

Learned motor program cannot be used —> movement guided by feedback systems through the cerebrum similar to learning a new skill —> slow and uncoordinated —> inability to adapt to minor changes

Question 11

Cerebellar - disturbed balanced/equilibrium

Answer 11

Difficulty maintaining upright posture

Visual compensation is not effective

Question 12

Cerebellum - hypotonicity

Answer 12

Decrease in excitation from deep cerebellar nuclei to regions of the brain that excite alpha and gamma motor neurons

DTRs typically normal

Question 13

Cerebellum - dysmetria

Answer 13

Inability to judge distance or range of movement

Deficit in reaching a target effectively

Question 14

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 14

Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

Movements are irregular w/ a rapid loss of range and rhythm, esp as speed is increased

Question 15

Cerebellar movement decomposition (dyssynergia)

Answer 15

Movement performed in its component parts, instead of one coordinated movement

Question 16

Asynergia

Answer 16

Inability to associate muscle groups together for complex movements

Question 17

Ataxia

Answer 17

Lack of order- uncoordinated movement

Most often associated w/ disturbances of gait, wide BOS, steps are irregular in direction and distance

Initiation of LE movement may start slowly then extremity may unexpectedly be rapidly flung to hit floor

Arms usually head outward to improve balance in high garud position

Question 18

Asthenia

Answer 18

Generalized muscle weakness can be associated w/ cerebellar lesions

Muscle strength on involved side can be reduced by 50%

Question 19

Tremor

Answer 19

Involuntary oscillatory movement resulting alternating contractions of opposing muscle groups

Question 20

Intention tremor

Answer 20

Occur during voluntary movements, tend to increase as extremity reaches its intended goal

Question 21

Cerebellar dysfunctions - speech disturbances

Answer 21

Rhythm of speech is changed

Syllables are slow and accents mistplaced

Grammar and word selection are not involved

Question 22

Cerebellar dysfunction - control of eye movements and gaze

Answer 22

Inability to move eyes accurately to a target in the periphery, including overshooting and undershooting the eyes when attempting look at a target

Saccades are either too large or too small

Systagmus is rhythmic, quick oscillatory movement of eyes

Question 23

Cerebellar dysfunction management

Answer 23

Equipment/ orthotic eval
Functional training
Gait training
Balance and coordination training
Family training