Limb weakness Flashcards
1
Q
MS (10)
A
Transverse myelitis over hrs - days
- Bilateral/unilateral
- Weakness below a certain spinal level
- Reduced sensation
- Paraesthesia
- Tight band around affected spinal level
- Urinary retention/frequency/urgency
- Cerebellar symptoms
- UMM signs: brisk reflexes
- Optic neuritis (pain behind eye/visual loss) over a few days
2
Q
Motor neuron disease - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) symptoms (3)
A
- Both UMN and LMN signs
- Usually in 1 limb spreading gradually to other limbs + trunk muscles
- Progressive focal muscle weakness + wasting + fasicultations
3
Q
Motor neuron disease - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) examination (4)
A
- Brisk reflexes
- Classic sign: brisk reflex in wasted muscle
- Extensor plantar responses
- Spasticity
4
Q
Types of MND presentations (4)
A
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Progressive muscular atrophy
- Progressive bulbar/puesdobular palsy
- Primary lateral sclerosis
5
Q
How does progressive bulbar palsy present? (2)
A
- Only affects CN 9 - 12
- Speech and swallowing problems
6
Q
What is the prognosis of progressive bulbar palsy?
A
1 year - very low
7
Q
How does progressive muscular atrophy present?
A
- LMN signs only
- Distal before proximal muscle groups
8
Q
List the types of MND in order of prognosis
A
- Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS)
- PMA
- ALS
- PBP
9
Q
How does primary lateral sclerosis present? (5)
A
- Manly upper motor neuron signs
- Spastic leg weakness
- Puesdobulbar palsy
- No cognitive decline
- Best prognosis
