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Neurology > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

What brain are the basal ganglia in?

A

Forebrain

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2
Q

Where are the basal gangla found?

A

Towards base of brain, subcortical

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3
Q

Describe the pathway of the basal nuclei that initiates voluntary movement

A
  • Ventral lateral (Vlo) nucleus
  • Broadman’s 6 - supplementary motor cortex
  • Projects back to basal nuclei
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4
Q

What makes up the striatum?

A
  • Caudate nucleus

- Putamen

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5
Q

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

A
  • Putamen - darker

- Global Pallidius - paler (internal and external)

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6
Q

List the basal nuclei (5)

A
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Putamen
  • Globus pallidus
  • Substantia nigra
  • Nucleus accumbens
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7
Q

Where is dopamine released from?

A

Substantia nigra pars compacta

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8
Q

Where does dopamine go to?

A

Striatum

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9
Q

What two things is the substantia nigra made of?

A
  • Pars compacta

- Pars reticulata

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10
Q

What function does the nucleus accumbens have?

A

Function and reward

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11
Q

Give the pathway for direct pathway, facilitating wanted movement.

A

Cortex - striatum - (negative firing) - GPi (disinhibition) - thalamus (fires) - cortex

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12
Q

Give the pathway for indirect pathway, stopping unwanted movement

A

Cortex - striatum (inhibits) - GPe - (stops inhibiting) - subthalamus - (activates) - GPi (increased inhibition) - thalamus (less firing to) - cortex

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13
Q

What is Parkinson’s caused by?

A

Excessive inhibition of GPe - increased thalamus inhibition

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14
Q

What is Parkinson’s?

A

Trouble initiating wanted movement

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s?

A
  • Rigidity (increased muscle tone)
  • Akinesia
  • Bradycardia
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16
Q

What is Huntington’s?

A

Trouble surpressing unwanted movement

17
Q

What is Huntington’s caused?

A

Neurodegenerative autosomal

18
Q

What is Huntington’s symptoms?

A
  • Hyperkinsea
  • Dyskinesia (abnormal movement)
  • Dementia
  • Chorea (jerky movement
19
Q

What are the trigemenal nucleus parts? (3)

A
  • Primary sensory nucleus
  • Spinal nucleus
  • Mesencephalic nucleus
20
Q

What is the function of the primary sensory nucleus?

A

Touch and pressure and conc proprioception

21
Q

What is the function of the spinal nucleus?

A

Pain and temp

22
Q

What is the mesencephalic nucleus?

A

Unconc proprioception

23
Q

What does the motor nucleus innervate?

A

Muscles of mastication

Neurology (20 decks)

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