Light pollution Flashcards

1
Q

creature ( /ˈkriː.tʃɚ/)

Rainforests are filled with amazing creatures.

A

any large or small living thing that can move independently:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

diurnal (/ˌdaɪˈɜː.nəl/)
diurnal activity
diurnal creatures
we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light.

> <nocturnal (/nɒkˈtɜː.nəl/)
Most bats are nocturnal.

A

1) being active or happening during the day rather than at night:

2)being active or happening at night rather than during the day:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

radically (/ˈræd.ɪ.kəl.i/ U)

The accident radically changed the course of his life.
Our approach is radically different to that of our competitors.

A

completely or extremely:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

primates /ˈpraɪ.meɪt/ /
This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings any more than we think of ourselves as primates or mammals, or Earthlings

A

a member of the most developed and intelligent group of mammals, including humans, monkeys, and apes (linh trưởng)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

damming a river

A

a wall built across a river that stops the river’s flow and collects the water, especially to make a reservoir (= an artificial lake) that provides water for an area:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1__light (something) up>/
UK /laɪt/ US /laɪt/
pp__lit or lighted | lit or lighted
2_light up»Rosa’s face lit up when she saw the dog.
3_light up something»When I’d say there was a letter for him you could see his eyes light up.

A

1)and 2 __If your face or eyes light up, or if a smile lights up your face, you suddenly look happy
3)to make something bright or shiny/to start something burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

astonishing (/əˈstɒn.ɪ.ʃɪŋ/)
Her first novel enjoyed an astonishing success.
Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing

A

very surprising:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

disproportionately (ˌdɪs.prəˈpɔː.ʃən.ət.li/)

The burden of price increases is borne disproportionately by the poor.

A

in a way that is too large or too small in relation to something else:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

be apt to do something/be apt to be something

The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains.
Migrating at night, birds are apt to collide with brightly lit tall buildings; immature birds on their first journey suffer disproportionately.

A

to be likely to do something or to often do something:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

collide /kəˈlaɪd/

The two vans collided at the crossroads.

A

(especially of moving objects) to hit something violently: (va đập)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cluster /ˈklʌs.tər/

There was a cluster of fans around him, asking for autographs.

Insects cluster around streetlights

A

a group of similar things that are close together, sometimes surrounding something:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ingrained

adjective
UK /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

insects, of course, cluster around streetlights, and feeding at those insect clusters is now ingrained in the lives of many bat species

A

of beliefs, attitudes, or habits) so established that they are difficult to change: (ăn sâu vào)

tất nhiên, côn trùng tập trung xung quanh đèn đường và việc kiếm ăn ở những cụm côn trùng đó hiện đã ăn sâu vào đời sống của nhiều loài dơi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vanish — /ˈvæn.ɪʃ/

The child vanished while on her way home from school.

the European lesser horseshoe bat began to vanish after streetlights were installed, perhaps because those valleys were suddenly filled with light-feeding pipistrelle bats

A

to disappear or stop being present or existing, especially in a sudden, surprising way:

Ở một số thung lũng của Thụy Sĩ, loài dơi móng ngựa nhỏ hơn ở châu Âu bắt đầu biến mất sau khi lắp đặt đèn đường, có lẽ vì những thung lũng đó đột nhiên tràn ngập loài dơi ống hút ánh sáng

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cautiously (/ˈkɔː.ʃəs.li)

He moved slowly and cautiously along the dark rocky path.

They are more cautiously under the permanent full moon of light pollution.

A

in a careful and well-considered way that avoids risk:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nightingales (/ˈnaɪ.tɪŋ.ɡeɪl/)
blackbirds
swan

We took some bread to feed the swans.
nightingales, blackbirds and swans all are my favorite birds

A
  1. Chim sơn ca» a small, brown European bird known especially for the beautiful song of the male, usually heard during the night
  2. Chim họa mi»a European bird, the male of which has black feathers and a bright yellow beak
  3. Thiên nga>a large, usually white bird with a long neck that lives on rivers and lakes:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

induce ( /ɪnˈdjuːs)

They induced her to take the job by promising providing good benefits and salary
artificially short nights induce early breeding in a wide range of birds

A

1_to persuade someone to do something:

2__Induce: to cause something to happen:

đêm ngắn nhân tạo khiến nhiều loài chim sinh sản sớm

16
Q

gravitate /ˈɡræv·ɪˌteɪt/

People tend to gravitate to the beaches here.

Their hatchlings, which gravitate toward the brighter, more reflective sea horizon, find themselves confused by artificial lighting behind the beach

A

to be attracted to or move toward something:

Những con non của chúng, bị hút về phía chân trời biển sáng hơn, phản chiếu hơn, thấy mình bối rối trước ánh sáng nhân tạo phía sau bãi biển

17
Q

Frogs and toads

Frogs and toads living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels “that are as much as a million times brighter than normal”

A

. Ếch và cóc

Ếch và cóc sống gần đường cao tốc được chiếu sáng rực rỡ phải chịu mức độ ánh sáng về đêm sáng gấp một triệu lần so với bình thường,

18
Q

remedy /ˈrem.ə.di/

he best remedy for grief is hard work.

A

Khắc phục

a successful way of curing an illness or dealing with a problem or difficulty:

anh ấy phương thuốc tốt nhất cho đau buồn là làm việc chăm chỉ.

19
Q

It was once thought that

It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers,

A

Người ta từng nghĩ rằng

Người ta từng nghĩ rằng ô nhiễm ánh sáng chỉ ảnh hưởng đến các nhà thiên văn học,

20
Q

has tightened its regulations since then

Flagstaff has tightened its regulations since then, and in 2001 it was declared the first International Dark Sky City.

A

Flagstaff đã thắt chặt các quy định của mình kể từ đó và vào năm 2001, nó được tuyên bố là Thành phố Bầu trời Tối Quốc tế đầu tiên

21
Q

has spread around the globe

By now the effort to control light pollution has spread around the globe

A

đã lan rộng trên toàn cầu.

Đến nay, nỗ lực kiểm soát ô nhiễm ánh sáng đã lan rộng trên toàn cầu

22
Q

More and more cities and even entire countries

More and more cities and even entire countries, such as the Czech Republic, have committed themselves to reducing unwanted glare.

A

Ngày càng có nhiều thành phố và thậm chí toàn bộ các quốc gia

Ngày càng có nhiều thành phố và thậm chí toàn bộ các quốc gia, chẳng hạn như Cộng hòa Séc, đã cam kết giảm bớt ánh sáng chói không mong muốn.

23
Q

undiminished

A hundred years after his death, his influence remains undiminished.

Unlike astronomers, most of us may not need an “undiminished view of the night sky” for our work

A

as good, strong, or important as always:

astronomers –əˈstrɒn.ə.mər (someone who studies astronomy)

Một trăm năm sau khi ông qua đời, ảnh hưởng của ông vẫn không hề suy giảm.

Không giống như các nhà thiên văn học, hầu hết chúng ta có thể không cần tầm nhìn “toàn cảnh bầu trời đêm” cho công việc của mình,

24
Q

circadian rhythms /sɝːˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /ˈrɪð.əm

The regular oscillation of waking and sleep in our lives, one of our circadian rhythms—is nothing less than a biological expression of the regular oscillation of light on Earth

Our circadian clock makes it difficult to sleep during the day.

A

Nhịp sinh học
Sự dao động đều đặn của thức và ngủ trong cuộc sống của chúng ta, một trong những nhịp sinh học của chúng ta—không gì khác hơn là một biểu hiện sinh học của sự dao động đều đặn của ánh sáng trên Trái đất.

Đồng hồ sinh học của chúng ta khiến chúng ta khó ngủ vào ban ngày.