Lifespan Development Flashcards
According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, available legal and social services are part of the ______
exosystem
Polygenic inheritance
occurs when a characteristic is influenced by multiple genes
What is the difference between a critical period and a sensitive period?
critical period: limited period of time when exposure to certain environmental events is necessary for development to occur
Sensitive period: a period of time when it’s optimal (but not necessary) for certain environmental event to occur
Chronosystem
environmental events that occur over a person’s lifespan
Active genotype-environment correlation is also called ________
niche-picking
Canalization
the tendency for genetic make-up to restrict developmental outcomes regardless of environmental circumstances
Dynamic systems theory concludes that development depends on multiple factors and that _______ behaviours leads to ___________ behaviours
simple repetitive; more voluntary complex
epigenetic mechanisms cause changes in _______ without changing ______ by altering the function or expression of genes
phenotype; genotype
which syndrome is characterized by a small head and brain, wide jaw, and pointed chin and involved a deletion on maternal chromosome 15?
Angelman
which syndrome is characterized by a high pitched cry and a deletion on chromosome 5?
Cri-du-chat
Mosaic trisomy 21accounts for about 1% of all cases and it occurs when __________
only some cells in the body contain an extra 21 chromosome.
Translocation trisomy 21accounts for about 4% of all cases and it is characterized by _______
46 chromosomes in all cells of the body with some cells having a full or partial chromosome 21 attached (translocated) to another chromosome, most often chromosome 14.
exposure to teratogens is likely to cause major structural damage from the _____ to ____ week after conception
3rd to 8th
Which type of Down Syndrome can be due to an error during cell division or heredity:
translocation trisomy 21
The development of depth perception in infancy involves becoming sensitive to three types of information in a predictable order, with ______ information being the first type that infants are sensitive to
Kinetic
The human brain is about 25% of its adult size and weight at birth, but it grows quickly and is at least 75% of its adult size and weight by ____ of age
24 months
at about ____ months of age, visual acuity is similar to that of normal adults
7-8
in what order does depth perception develop (which comes first and so on)
Kinetic (motion)
Binocular
Pictorial
perception of sound become similar to adults by _____ of age
6 months
_____ is the first sense to develop in-utero
touch
Early exposure to pain _____ later responsivity for full-term infants but ______ later responsivity for preterm infants
heightens; dampens
Although the cause of SIDS is not clear, there’s evidence that it’s related to ______ abnormalities in the _____
serotonin; medulla
As described by Piaget, the ability to conserve emerges during the concrete operational stage and depends on ____________
Transformational Thinking
the limits of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development are defined by
the child’s independent performance and the child’s performance with assistance
what is the basic virtue of Identity vs role confusion?
Fidelity
what is the basic virtue of Industry vs Inferiority
Competence
In terms of age, Freud’s latency stage corresponds to Erikson’s ______ stage
industry vs inferiority
For most children, stranger anxiety begins at about ____ months of age
8
Research investigating the effects of marital status on health behaviors has generally found that being married:
has beneficial effects on the health behaviours of men and women, but the benefits are more pronounced for men
An interviewee would be classified as ________ using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) when she describes early relationships with her parents in very positive terms but is unable to give examples that support her evaluation
dismissing
______ adults are those who provide coherent descriptions of their childhood relationships with their parents and whose children usually have a secure attachment
autonomous
Preoccupied adults describe childhood relationships as __________ and their children usually have a resistant attachment pattern
angry, confused, or passive preoccupation toward a parent
inconsistent caregiving often leads to a ______ attachment style
insecure/resistant (ambivalent)
self-conscious emotions ordinarily emerge when a child is _____ months of age
18-24
what is an intervention based on Patterson et al.’s research on coercive family interactions likely to include?
training for parents in effective parenting skills
as described by Kohlberg, the conventional level of moral development consists of which substages?
good boy/good girl and law and order orientation
a child says that a person who breaks eight dishes by accident should receive more punishment than a person who breaks two dishes on purpose. As described by Piaget, this child is in what stage of moral development?
heteronomous
what is the single best predictor of divorce
contempt
research has found that ________ of noncustodial fathers has the least impact on the post-divorce outcomes of children
frequency of contact
negative start-up
respond to their partners’ expressions of neutral affect with expressions of anger, disgust, or other negative emotions during discussions of their marital problems
