Lifespan Development

Question 1

According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, available legal and social services are part of the ______

Answer 1

exosystem

Question 2

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 2

occurs when a characteristic is influenced by multiple genes

Question 3

What is the difference between a critical period and a sensitive period?

Answer 3

critical period: limited period of time when exposure to certain environmental events is necessary for development to occur
Sensitive period: a period of time when it’s optimal (but not necessary) for certain environmental event to occur

Question 4

Chronosystem

Answer 4

environmental events that occur over a person’s lifespan

Question 5

Active genotype-environment correlation is also called ________

Answer 5

niche-picking

Question 6

Canalization

Answer 6

the tendency for genetic make-up to restrict developmental outcomes regardless of environmental circumstances

Question 7

Dynamic systems theory concludes that development depends on multiple factors and that _______ behaviours leads to ___________ behaviours

Answer 7

simple repetitive; more voluntary complex

Question 8

epigenetic mechanisms cause changes in _______ without changing ______ by altering the function or expression of genes

Answer 8

phenotype; genotype

Question 9

which syndrome is characterized by a small head and brain, wide jaw, and pointed chin and involved a deletion on maternal chromosome 15?

Answer 9

Angelman

Question 10

which syndrome is characterized by a high pitched cry and a deletion on chromosome 5?

Answer 10

Cri-du-chat

Question 11

Mosaic trisomy 21accounts for about 1% of all cases and it occurs when __________

Answer 11

only some cells in the body contain an extra 21 chromosome.

Question 12

Translocation trisomy 21accounts for about 4% of all cases and it is characterized by _______

Answer 12

46 chromosomes in all cells of the body with some cells having a full or partial chromosome 21 attached (translocated) to another chromosome, most often chromosome 14.

Question 13

exposure to teratogens is likely to cause major structural damage from the _____ to ____ week after conception

Answer 13

3rd to 8th

Question 14

Which type of Down Syndrome can be due to an error during cell division or heredity:

Answer 14

translocation trisomy 21

Question 15

The development of depth perception in infancy involves becoming sensitive to three types of information in a predictable order, with ______ information being the first type that infants are sensitive to

Answer 15

Kinetic

Question 16

The human brain is about 25% of its adult size and weight at birth, but it grows quickly and is at least 75% of its adult size and weight by ____ of age

Answer 16

24 months

Question 17

at about ____ months of age, visual acuity is similar to that of normal adults

Answer 17

7-8

Question 18

in what order does depth perception develop (which comes first and so on)

Answer 18

Kinetic (motion)
Binocular
Pictorial

Question 19

perception of sound become similar to adults by _____ of age

Answer 19

6 months

Question 20

_____ is the first sense to develop in-utero

Answer 20

touch

Question 21

Early exposure to pain _____ later responsivity for full-term infants but ______ later responsivity for preterm infants

Answer 21

heightens; dampens

Question 22

Although the cause of SIDS is not clear, there’s evidence that it’s related to ______ abnormalities in the _____

Answer 22

serotonin; medulla

Question 23

As described by Piaget, the ability to conserve emerges during the concrete operational stage and depends on ____________

Answer 23

Transformational Thinking

Question 24

the limits of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development are defined by

Answer 24

the child’s independent performance and the child’s performance with assistance

Question 25

what is the basic virtue of Identity vs role confusion?

Answer 25

Fidelity

Question 26

what is the basic virtue of Industry vs Inferiority

Answer 26

Competence

Question 27

In terms of age, Freud’s latency stage corresponds to Erikson’s ______ stage

Answer 27

industry vs inferiority

Question 28

For most children, stranger anxiety begins at about ____ months of age

Answer 28

8

Question 29

Research investigating the effects of marital status on health behaviors has generally found that being married:

Answer 29

has beneficial effects on the health behaviours of men and women, but the benefits are more pronounced for men

Question 30

An interviewee would be classified as ________ using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) when she describes early relationships with her parents in very positive terms but is unable to give examples that support her evaluation

Answer 30

dismissing

Question 31

______ adults are those who provide coherent descriptions of their childhood relationships with their parents and whose children usually have a secure attachment

Answer 31

autonomous

Question 32

Preoccupied adults describe childhood relationships as __________ and their children usually have a resistant attachment pattern

Answer 32

angry, confused, or passive preoccupation toward a parent

Question 33

inconsistent caregiving often leads to a ______ attachment style

Answer 33

insecure/resistant (ambivalent)

Question 34

self-conscious emotions ordinarily emerge when a child is _____ months of age

Answer 34

18-24

Question 35

what is an intervention based on Patterson et al.’s research on coercive family interactions likely to include?

Answer 35

training for parents in effective parenting skills

Question 36

as described by Kohlberg, the conventional level of moral development consists of which substages?

Answer 36

good boy/good girl and law and order orientation

Question 37

a child says that a person who breaks eight dishes by accident should receive more punishment than a person who breaks two dishes on purpose. As described by Piaget, this child is in what stage of moral development?

Answer 37

heteronomous

Question 38

what is the single best predictor of divorce

Answer 38

contempt

Question 39

research has found that ________ of noncustodial fathers has the least impact on the post-divorce outcomes of children

Answer 39

frequency of contact

Question 40

negative start-up

Answer 40

respond to their partners’ expressions of neutral affect with expressions of anger, disgust, or other negative emotions during discussions of their marital problems