Learning/Memory

Question 1

In the first phase of one of Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, a tone was repeatedly paired with food so that, eventually, a dog salivated when the tone was presented alone. In the second phase of the experiment, a light was repeatedly paired with the tone so that the dog also salivated when the light was presented alone. The procedure used in this experiment is known as:

Answer 1

higher-order conditioning

Question 2

When using classical conditioning to establish a conditioned response, the most effective method is

Answer 2

delay conditioning

Question 3

Wolpe attributed the effectiveness of systematic desensitization for treating anxiety to what?

Answer 3

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 4

A pudentsychology graduate student repeatedly presents a tone just prior to presenting food to a hungry dog. After the dog is salivating in response to the tone when it’s presented alone, the student repeatedly presents the tone and a blinking light together just before presenting food. Regardless of how many times she presents the tone and blinking light together before presenting the food, the dog never salivates in response to the blinking light when it’s presented alone. This phenomenon is referred to as _______

Answer 4

blocking

Question 5

Implosive therapy combines _____ and _______

Answer 5

exposure in imagination and psychodynamic techniques

Question 6

the use of cue exposure treatment (CET) for alcohol use disorder often combines exposure to cues that are associated with alcohol with ______

Answer 6

coping skills training

Question 7

research using the dismantling strategy has found that ______ is responsible for the beneficial effects of systematic desensitization

Answer 7

extinction

Question 8

when using covert sensitization, the client’s image of a stimulus associated with ________ is paired with and image of ______

Answer 8

problem behaviour; a stimulus that naturally produces an incompatible and undesirable response

Question 9

in operant conditioning, fading involves ________, whereas thinning involves ______

Answer 9

removing a prompt once the behaviour is at the desired level; reducing the amount of reinforcement for a behaviour

Question 10

the matching law is useful for understanding the effects of rate of reinforcement on ________

Answer 10

rate of responding

Question 11

avoidance conditioning is an example of two-factor learning and combines:

Answer 11

classical conditioning and negative reinforcement

Question 12

when Mrs. Smith reprimands her young son, Sam, for hitting the family dog, the boy stops hitting the dog for a brief period of time. Over time, Mrs. Smith finds that she has to reprimance Sam with increasing frequency to stop his undesirable behaviour. Mrs. Smith reprimands are being controlled by _________

Answer 12

negative reinforcement

Question 13

what type of reinforcer is least susceptible to satiation?

Answer 13

generalized reinforcers

Question 14

The Keyword method is useful for -

Answer 14

learning the vocabulary of a second language

Question 15

who came up with the idea of insight by doing research with chimpanzees?

Answer 15

Kohler

Question 16

At a company party, you first meet a co-worker’s husband whose name is Bill. About twenty minutes later, you meet another co-worker’s husband whose name is Bob. Then, about an hour later, you encounter Bill at the buffet table and call him Bob. Which of the following explains your mistake?

Answer 16

retroactive interference

Question 17

retroactive interference

Answer 17

when newly acquired information interferes with the ability to learn or recall previously acquired information

Question 18

proactive interference

Answer 18

when previously learning information interferes with the ability to learn or recall new information