Life Stages Flashcards
Infant benefits of breastfeeding
Right proportion of vits, minerals, carbs, proteins and fats to support healthy development
- reduces risk of eczema, asthma and food allergies
- pre and probiotics
Breastfeeding benefits for mothers
- breast and ovarian cancer
- oxytoxin for bonding
- postpartum depression
- iron stores
Breast milk make up
88% water
6-7% carbs (lactose)
3-5% lipids (LA, AA, DHA)
Less than 1% protein
Enzymes which help digest
Colostrum make up
- Serum with antibodies and white blood cells
- Protects against infections and inactivates pathogenic bacteria
- Helps expel waste accumulated
- High in secretory IgA, vit A, zinc
Key postpartum nutrients
Protein - for breast milk
Iron - blood volume
Zinc - depression
B vits - ATP
EPA/DHA - brain tissue
Vit C - wound healing
Mag - ATP & depression
Lactation foods
- Energetically neutral food (sweet potato, potato, rice)
- EPA/DHA sources
- Pre and probiotic foods
- Avoid salty, sweet, cows dairy, caffeine, alcohol, smoking
Weaning
Single ingredient foods
One at a time
3/4 day intervals
Eggs, peanuts, fish and wheat closer to 12 months
Childhood development
From age 1 to adolescence a child typically grows 2-3 inches per year and gains 5-6 pounds
Brain development, bone density and muscle mass
Most organs similar to adults by 12 months
Nutients needed in childhood (macros)
Carbs - from age 1 60-70% of energy, similar to adults
High fibre- however too much can lower food energy density and reduce micronutrient absorption
Fat - as long as energy intake is adequate, fat intake below 30% shouldn’t impair growth
Protein - requirements increase slightly with age
Adolescence protein needs
Inadequate protein is uncommon however if insufficient due to junk food intake then this can cause loss of lean body mass and delayed growth
Their protein needs vary with degrees of physical maturation
Carb needs adolescent
Refined carbs often high
Fibre intake low
Can affect acne due to effect of insulin on sebum
Focus on wholegrains, sourdough and veg
Fat intake adolescent
Should not exceed 30-35% of total calories
EFAs important for sex hormones, skin hair and nails
Calcium needs adolescence
Peaks now
Include bone supportive nutrients such as vit D, mag rich foods.
Encourage daily activity
Iron in adolescence
Blood volume increases with growth
For females this remains high due to menstruation and pregnancy
Other adolescent support
Microflora
Digestive juices
Supportive nutrients e.g C with iron
