Life Processes- Nutrition

Question 1

why is nutrition important process

Answer 1

it is important because energy is necessary for growth and devlopmenet and synthesis of protiens and other substances.
Even though we are inactive energy is still needed for maintainign state of order in our body.
the energy requirements are rouchly the same for all organisms but the way they obtain it is varied.

Question 2

define nutritient

Answer 2

nutrient can be defined as a substance which an organism obtains from its surroundings and uses it as an energy source for biosynthesis of its body constituents

Question 3

what are modes of nutrition

Answer 3

Modes of nutrition means methods of procuring food or obtaining food by an organism. Depending on the mode of obtaining food, all the organisms can be classified into two groups:
1. Autotrophic Nutrition and
2. Heterotrophic Nutrition

Question 4

define autotrophic nutrition

Answer 4

Autotrophic nutrition is that mode of nutrition in which organism makes their own food from the simple inorganic materials like carbon di oxide and water present in the surroundings.

Question 5

what is a special adaptation that is present only in autotrophes

or

how do autotrophs make food

Answer 5

The autotrophic organisms contain the green pigment called chlorophyll which is capable of trapping sunlight energy. This trapped sunlight energy is utilized by the autotrophs to make food by combining inorganic materials like carbon di oxide and water present in the environment by the process of Photosynthesis. Thus autotrophs make their own food by photosynthesis.

Question 6

define photosynthesis

Answer 6

it is the process by which co2 and water is converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and cholorphyll

Question 7

list the events in photosynthesis

Answer 7

-absorption of sunlight by cholorphyll
-conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into hydrogena nd oxygen
-reduction of co2 into carbohydtrates

Question 8

conditions necessary fo phothsynehthes

Answer 8

-sunlight
-water
-cholorphyll
-crbon dioxide

Raw materials for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.

Carbon dioxide is produced through the exchange of gases. This function is performed by stomata.
Water is absorbed by roots from the soil, whether from irrigation or rain.
Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy.

Question 9

define heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 9

Heterotrophic nutrition is that mode of nutrition in which an organism cannot make or synthesize its own food from simple inorganic materials like carbon di oxide and water and depens on other organism for their food.

Question 10

define saprophytic nutrition

Answer 10

Saprophytic nutrition is that nutrition in which an organism obtains its food from decaying organic matter of dead plants,dead animals and rotten bread etc.

Question 11

how to saprophytes obtainutrition

Answer 11

They break down the complex organic molecules present in the dead and decaying matter and convert them into simpler substances outside their body.
These simpler substances are then absorbed by saprophytes as their food.

Question 12

define parasitic nutrition

Answer 12

The parasitic nutrition is that in which an organism derives its food from the body of another living organism(called as its host) without killing it.

Question 13

describe parasitic nutrition

Answer 13

It gets food from the host but gives no benefit to the host in return.
Usually a parasite harms the host.
Most of the diseases which affect mankind,domestic animals and crops are caused by parasites.

Question 14

describe symbiotic nutrition

Answer 14

Symbiotic nutrition is the relationship between organisms in which they share their nutrition and shelter. This mutual relationship may or maynot be beneficial to both the partners.

Question 15

define holozoic nutrition

Answer 15

Holozoic means “feeding on solid food”which may be either a plant product or animal product.
The holozoic nutrition is that nutrition in which an organism takes the complex organic food materials in to its body, breaks it down into simpler substances and uses it for various life processes.

Question 16

3 steps involved in holozoic nutrition

Answer 16

-Ingestion
Most of the animals take the solid food by the process called as ingestion.

-Digestion
The breaking down of complex organic cmbstances into simpler and absorbable form.

-egestion
The undigested food and unabsorbed food is thrown out of the body by the process of egestion.

Question 17

how does gaseous exhange for photsynthesis take place

Answer 17

gaseous exchange for photosynthesis takes place in the leaves through the stomate. it can occur in stem, roots and leaves as wel.

Question 18

what are gaurdcells

Answer 18

the two kidney shaped cells that regulate the opening and closing of the stomata are gaurd cells. When water flows into the gaurd cells, they swell and open the pore. When the gaurd cells shrink. the pore closes

Question 19

what is another important necessity for photosyntheisis

Answer 19

Nitrogen is an essential
element used in the synthesis of proteins and other compounds. This is
taken up in the form of inorganic nitrates or nitrites. Or it is taken up as
organic compounds which have been prepared by bacteria from
atmospheric nitrogen

Question 20

How do Desert Plants Take up Carbon dioxide and Perform Photosynthesis? Explain

Answer 20

Desert plants keep their stomata open during the night. They take in carbon dioxide from the air during the night and store it in ithe form of an intermediate. This is used during the daytime to prepare food by photosynthesis. The stomaata remains closed in the daytime to reduce loss of water by transipration.

Question 21

what are the nutrient taken up by the plant from the soil

Answer 21

-iron
-magensium
-nitrogen
-phosphorus

Question 22

explain the holzoic nutrition in ameoba

Answer 22

the mode of nutrition found in amoeba is knwon as holozoic nutrition. It involves the ingestion, digestion, absoprtion, assimilation and egestion of food material. Ameoba does not use any particular organ for nutrition. it uses temporary finger like extensions of its body surface called as pseudopodia. the pseudopodia fuses with the food particle to form a food vacuole. in the food vacuole. complex substance are broken down into simpler ones. these simpke substances then diffuse into the cytoplasm. The unwanted and undigested waste materal is brough to tsurface of the cell body and then thrown out. this egestion process in amoeba ususally takes place by rupturing the cell membrane and removing the unwanted material.

Question 23

describe nutrition in paramoecium

Answer 23

Paramoecium, which is also a unicellular organism which exhibits holozoic nutrtion. the cell has a
definite shape and food is taken in at a specific spot. Food is moved
to this spot by the movement of cilia which cover the entire surface
of the cell

Question 24

why do different organisms follow varied forms of nutrition

Answer 24

Different organisms use different kind of nutritional process because of their physical and environmental factors.

The external factors that are reasons for different kind of nutritional process are:

1. Climatic conditions : These conditions majorly influence the nutritional process. Organisms living at low temperatures need low amount of food and vicecersa.
2. Resources availability is also another major factor that influence the nutritional process.

Question 25

What are the key roles of saprophytes in the envirionment

Answer 25

The saprophytes are the organisms which feed on the dead and the decaying matter in the ecosystem. These organisms along with the microbes help in the decomposition of the dead plants and the animals. This decomposition is necessary as it is one of the paths for the recycling of the nutrients. These nutrients which are recycled enter the ecosystem and can be used by the plants and the animals again. Thereby, the activity of the saprophytes and the decomposers help to maintain the ecological balance.