How do Organisms Reproduce- Females

Question 1

what are the organs in h=the female reproducive sstem

Answer 1

-ovaries
-fimbriae
-oviduct/fallopian tube
-uterus
-myometrium
-endomteurm
-cervix
-vagina

Question 2

what are the ovaries

Answer 2

A pair of ovary is located in both sides of abdomen.It is responsible for the production of the female gamete cells-ovum.
At the time of birth of a girl, thousands of immature eggs are present in the ovary.
At the onset of puberty, some of these eggs start maturing and form the ova. It is also responsible for production of hormone estrogen and progestoreon

Question 3

what is the fimbriae

Answer 3

It is a funnel-shaped part holding the ovary, with the help of finger-liek projections. It ris a part of fallopoian tube. It recives the egg from the ovaries.

Question 4

what is the fallopian tube or oviduct

Answer 4

it is a tube like structure that connects the ovary to the uterus. It proved a passage for the egg to move from the ovary to the uterus.

Question 5

what is the uterus?

Answer 5

It is the pear-shaped muscular organ. It provides nourishment and a conducive environment for the development of the foetus till delivery.

It is the site of implantation. It holds the developing embryo and the endometrium,rich in blood vessel, nourishes the embryo. It forms the placenta.

Question 6

parts of uterus

Answer 6

it has two layers
-myometrium which is the thicker outer muscluar layer
-endometrium- it is the inner lining, which is richly supplied with blood

Question 7

what is the cevix

Answer 7

It is the opening of the uterus into the vagina. It dilates upto 10cm at time of childbirth. It allows for flow of menstrual blood and sperms into uterus at time of intercourse.

Question 8

what is the vagina

Answer 8

It is the outermost tube of the reproductive system. It is the place of deposition of sperm. It provides path for flow of menstrual blood and fluid during menstruation. It also provides the passage for the child during childbirth.

Question 9

what is the follicle

Answer 9

It is a cell in the ovary which has the potential of releasing a female gamete

Question 10

Explain the process of ovulation

Answer 10

one follicle on maturation gorws big with an ovum inside it called the graafian follicle. This follicle one fully mature, bursts open and releases the ovum. The release of ovum from the ovary is called ovulation. it happens on 14th day of menstrual cycle

Question 11

what happens to graafian follicle after ovulation

Answer 11

The graafian follicle, after releasing the egg cell, forms a mass of dead tissue called the corpus luteum. This releases the hormones estrogen and progesterone. This helps in the thickening of the uterine wall to receive the baby.

Question 12

define fertilisation

Answer 12

The process of fusion of sperm and the ovum to from a single cell called zygote is called fertilisation.
It occurs in fallopian tube (oviduct).

Question 13

explain how fertilisation occur in humans

Answer 13

The sperms enter through the vaginal passage during sexual
intercourse. They travel upwards and reach the oviduct where they may
encounter the egg. The fertilised egg (zygote) starts dividing and form a
ball of cells or embryo. The embryo is implanted in the lining of the uterus
where they continue to grow and develop organs to become foetus.

Question 14

define
i)zygote
ii) embryo

Answer 14

i)The cell which is formed by the fusion of a male gamete and female gamete is called zygote, i.e., it is a
‘fertilised ovum’ or ‘fertilised egg.’

ii)It is the stage of development between the zygote or fertilised egg and the newly formed offspring, formed by repeated mitotic division of zygote

Question 15

how is mother’s body designed to undertake growth of baby

Answer 15

the uterus prepares itself
every month to receive and nurture the growing embryo,if the egg is fertilised. The lining
thickens and is richly supplied with blood and thick and spongy to nourish the growing embryo.

Question 16

define gestation period

Answer 16

the period of time from the formation of zygote in mother’s body till childbirth is called gestation period. for a human it is 280 days.

Question 17

define parturition

Answer 17

The act of
giving birth to the fully developed foetus at the end of gestation period is termed as parturition.

Question 18

steps of development of foetus

Answer 18

zygote->morula->blastula->embryo->foetus->baby

Question 19

what is the placenta

Answer 19

The embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood with the help of a
special tissue called placenta.This is a disc which is embedded in the
uterine wall, which is formed during pregnancy. It is the connection between the mother and baby.

Question 20

what are the modification/adaptation of placenta

Answer 20

It contains villi on the embryo’s side of the tissue. On the
mother’s side are blood spaces, which surround the villi. This provides
a large surface area for glucose and oxygen to pass from the mother to
the embryo, and waste from embryo to mother.

Question 21

function of placenta

Answer 21

i) transfer of nutrients and oxygen from the mother’s body to the embryo
ii) transfer of waste material from the embryo to the mother’s body
iii) transfer of antibodies from the mother’s blood to the embryo
iv) production of hcg-human chorionic gonadotropin which help in thickening of uterine wall to nourish embryo.

Question 22

how is bby delivered

Answer 22

The child is born as a result of
rhythmic contractions of the muscles in the uterus, stimulated by oxytocin.