How do Organisms Reproduce- Females Flashcards
what are the organs in h=the female reproducive sstem
-ovaries
-fimbriae
-oviduct/fallopian tube
-uterus
-myometrium
-endomteurm
-cervix
-vagina
what are the ovaries
A pair of ovary is located in both sides of abdomen.It is responsible for the production of the female gamete cells-ovum.
At the time of birth of a girl, thousands of immature eggs are present in the ovary.
At the onset of puberty, some of these eggs start maturing and form the ova. It is also responsible for production of hormone estrogen and progestoreon
what is the fimbriae
It is a funnel-shaped part holding the ovary, with the help of finger-liek projections. It ris a part of fallopoian tube. It recives the egg from the ovaries.
what is the fallopian tube or oviduct
it is a tube like structure that connects the ovary to the uterus. It proved a passage for the egg to move from the ovary to the uterus.
what is the uterus?
It is the pear-shaped muscular organ. It provides nourishment and a conducive environment for the development of the foetus till delivery.
It is the site of implantation. It holds the developing embryo and the endometrium,rich in blood vessel, nourishes the embryo. It forms the placenta.
parts of uterus
it has two layers
-myometrium which is the thicker outer muscluar layer
-endometrium- it is the inner lining, which is richly supplied with blood
what is the cevix
It is the opening of the uterus into the vagina. It dilates upto 10cm at time of childbirth. It allows for flow of menstrual blood and sperms into uterus at time of intercourse.
what is the vagina
It is the outermost tube of the reproductive system. It is the place of deposition of sperm. It provides path for flow of menstrual blood and fluid during menstruation. It also provides the passage for the child during childbirth.
what is the follicle
It is a cell in the ovary which has the potential of releasing a female gamete
Explain the process of ovulation
one follicle on maturation gorws big with an ovum inside it called the graafian follicle. This follicle one fully mature, bursts open and releases the ovum. The release of ovum from the ovary is called ovulation. it happens on 14th day of menstrual cycle
what happens to graafian follicle after ovulation
The graafian follicle, after releasing the egg cell, forms a mass of dead tissue called the corpus luteum. This releases the hormones estrogen and progesterone. This helps in the thickening of the uterine wall to receive the baby.
define fertilisation
The process of fusion of sperm and the ovum to from a single cell called zygote is called fertilisation.
It occurs in fallopian tube (oviduct).
explain how fertilisation occur in humans
The sperms enter through the vaginal passage during sexual
intercourse. They travel upwards and reach the oviduct where they may
encounter the egg. The fertilised egg (zygote) starts dividing and form a
ball of cells or embryo. The embryo is implanted in the lining of the uterus
where they continue to grow and develop organs to become foetus.
define
i)zygote
ii) embryo
i)The cell which is formed by the fusion of a male gamete and female gamete is called zygote, i.e., it is a
‘fertilised ovum’ or ‘fertilised egg.’
ii)It is the stage of development between the zygote or fertilised egg and the newly formed offspring, formed by repeated mitotic division of zygote
how is mother’s body designed to undertake growth of baby
the uterus prepares itself
every month to receive and nurture the growing embryo,if the egg is fertilised. The lining
thickens and is richly supplied with blood and thick and spongy to nourish the growing embryo.
define gestation period
the period of time from the formation of zygote in mother’s body till childbirth is called gestation period. for a human it is 280 days.
define parturition
The act of
giving birth to the fully developed foetus at the end of gestation period is termed as parturition.
steps of development of foetus
zygote->morula->blastula->embryo->foetus->baby
what is the placenta
The embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood with the help of a
special tissue called placenta.This is a disc which is embedded in the
uterine wall, which is formed during pregnancy. It is the connection between the mother and baby.
what are the modification/adaptation of placenta
It contains villi on the embryo’s side of the tissue. On the
mother’s side are blood spaces, which surround the villi. This provides
a large surface area for glucose and oxygen to pass from the mother to
the embryo, and waste from embryo to mother.
function of placenta
i) transfer of nutrients and oxygen from the mother’s body to the embryo
ii) transfer of waste material from the embryo to the mother’s body
iii) transfer of antibodies from the mother’s blood to the embryo
iv) production of hcg-human chorionic gonadotropin which help in thickening of uterine wall to nourish embryo.
how is bby delivered
The child is born as a result of
rhythmic contractions of the muscles in the uterus, stimulated by oxytocin.
