lexis and semantics Flashcards
What is the role of an adjective?
to describe or modify a noun
What is a comparative adjective?
used to make comparisons
e.g. hotter,bigger
What is a superlative adjective?
used to determine the highest or lowest
e.g. greatest
What is an attributive adjective?
used before a noun
e.g. the large balloon
What is a predicative adjective?
used after a copular verb
e.g. the ballon is large
What is a descriptive adjective?
a descriptive adjective is objective
e.g. green, big
What is an evaluative adjective?
an evaluative adjective is subjective
e.g. pretty, boring
What is a proper noun?
refer to specific people and places
e.g. Paris
What are common nouns?
less specific and refer to types of people, places and feelings
e.g. city, man
What are concrete nouns?
refers to things that exist physically
e.g. table, chair
What is an abstract noun?
refers to things that don’t exist physically, like feelings and ideas
e.g. love
What are collective nouns?
refers to groups of people, animals or objects
e.g. team, family, flock
What are dynamic verbs?
verbs that refer to physical or perceptual actions
e.g. run, break, eat, dance
What is a stative verb?
verbs that refer to states/conditions
e.g. know, like, understand, seem
What is a standard auxiliary verb?
‘have’ or ‘be’ when used to show aspect or the passive voice
e.g. I have eaten, I am eating
What is a modal auxiliary verb?
words like: will, could, should, might, may, etc
which convey an attitude towards the verb
What are phrasal verbs?
verbs that have a special form that includes an extra particle(usually a preposition) which goes with the verb
e.g. she gave back the money/ she gave the money back
What are transitive verbs?
verbs that must be followed by some kind of other phrase to make sense
e.g. my son made…a cake
What are ditransitive verbs?
verbs that need 2 objects
e.g. David gave Eleanor(1) the book(2)
What are intransitive verbs?
verbs that cannot be followed by a direct object
e.g. Susan smiled
What are pronouns?
take the place of nouns
What are personal pronouns?
replace the name of a person
e.g. I, you,we
What are interrogative pronouns?
used to ask a question in a sentence
e.g. which, what, who, whose, when, why, where
What are demonstrative pronouns?
are pointing pronouns
e.g. this, that, those, these
What are reflexive pronouns?
when the object is the same as the subject of the verb
e.g. myself, yourself
What are relative pronouns?
used at the beginning of a relative subordinate clause
e.g. who, whom, whose, which, that
our friend, who is a fireman, is very brave
What are indefinite pronouns?
don’t specify, they are very open
e.g. something, anything, someone, everyone, some, any
What are possessive pronouns?
they specify ownership
e.g. mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
What are determiners?
they occur before a noun to determine something about the noun
What is a definite article?
the
What is an indefinite article?
a
What are numerals?
one, two, three, etc
What are possessive determiners?
signify possession
e.g. my, his
What is a coordinating conjunction?
show equal grammatical importance
e.g. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
(white shirt or black shirt)
What is a subordinating conjunction?
they link a main clause to one that’s less important to the subject of the sentence
e.g. since, although, because, unless, whether, whereas
What are prepositions?
the relationship between nouns, in terms of space or direction
e.g. in, on, under, next to, beside, etc
What are adverbs?
the describe or modify a verb
What are the different types of adverb?
- adverb of degree
- adverb of place
- adverb of time
- adverb of manner
- adverb of frequency
examples of adverbs of time
yesterday, tomorrow, later, early
examples of adverbs of place
there, homewards, here, across
examples of adverbs of manner
gently, slowly, angrily
examples of adverbs of frequency
always, continuously, regularly
examples of adverbs of degree
definitely, certainly, indeed
