Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

english language > enhancing ao1 gender > Flashcards

enhancing ao1 gender Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What is back-channeling?

A

feedback given while someone else is talking to show interest, attention and/or willingness to keep listening
e.g. ‘uh-huh’ or ‘mhm’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of back-channeling from the transcripts:

A
  • AMBER HEARD CASE = ‘[nodding] yes (.) thats’s effectively what happened yeah’ - female
  • MADE IN CHELSEA = ‘[makes noise] you’ve got a funny way of showing that’ - male
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which theories link to back-channeling?

A
  • Deborah Tannen = women seek support in conversations and will therefore show interest in the speaker
  • Jennifer Coates = all female talk is cooperative
  • Keith and Shuttleworth = women support each other in conversation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a discourse marker?

A

words or phrases that help connect or structure speech and writing
e.g. anyway, right, okay, I mean, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of discourse markers from the transcripts:

A
  • MARRIED AT FIRST SIGHT = ‘right the winner gets the tricep trio to do whatever they want them to for 24 hours’ - female
  • MADE IN CHELSEA = ‘okay(.)right what you’ve gotta understand now…’ - male
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which theories link to discourse markers?

A
  • Otto Jespersen = women have a less sophisticated vocabulary than men
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are fillers?

A

used to give the speaker time to think, express uncertainty or make something awkward feel less awkward
e.g ‘um’, ‘ah’, ‘hmm’, ‘like’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of fillers from the transcripts:

A
  • LOVE ISLAND = ‘you’re just I just feel like you just need to like think about things’ - female
  • MADE IN CHELSEA = ‘…she was there and erm he was chatting with her’ - female
  • AMBER HEARD CASE = ‘uh I’m not quite sure what part of the night she saw’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which theories link to fillers?

A
  • Otto Jespersen = women’s language is less sophisticated than men’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is hedging?

A

a word or phrase used in a sentence to express ambiguity, probability, caution or indecisiveness
e.g. ‘maybe’, ‘almost’ or somewhat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of hedging from transcripts:

A
  • LOVE ISLAND = ‘it’s about the whole thing the whole thing and how you seem bro (.) maybe like I said maybe I’m wrong’ - male
  • MADE IN CHELSEA = ‘look I think maybe we should leave you guys to it cos you guys have stuff to talk about’ - female
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which theories link to hedging?

A
  • Robin Lakoff = women use hedging, and it is a sign of weakness and uncertainty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are false starts?

A

sentences and words that are cut short before completion and often occur when a person has misspoken and has corrected themselves or from interruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of false starts from transcripts:

A
  • MARRIED AT FIRST SIGHT = ‘I don’t know what it is I don’t know what I’ve do-’ - male
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which theories link to false starts?

A
  • Otto Jespersen = women fail to finish sentences because they haven’t thought through what they are going to say
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are repairs?

A

a speaker recognises a speech error and repeats what has been said with a correction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Examples of repairs from the transcripts:

A
  • MARRIED AT FIRST SIGHT = ‘all I’m saying is I’ve met Ive seen Ella in social situations’ - male
  • MADE IN CHELSEA = ‘I’ve stay I’ve stayed so out of your way’ - male
18
Q

Which theories are linked to repairs?

A
  • Otto Jespersen = women’s language is less sophisticated than men’s language
19
Q

What is a topic loop?

A

a topic is started but goes off track and is brought back again
- ‘anyway’ is a common indicator of this

20
Q

Which theories are linked to topic loops?

A
  • Otto Jespersen = women’s language is less sophisticated
21
Q

What is a tag question?

A

when a small question is attached to the end of a sentence -> often used to ask for confirmation

22
Q

Examples of tag questions in the transcripts:

A
  • ## SECRET LIFE OF 4/5 YEAR OLDS = ‘this is fun, isn’t it?’ - female
23
Q

Which theories link to tag questions?

A
  • Pamela Fishman = women frequently use tag questions to gain conversational power
  • Robin Lakoff = tag questions are a sign of weakness
24
Q

What are non-fluency features?

A

voice fillers, pauses, mispronunciations, interruptions, overlaps and failures to hold the floor

25
Q

Example of non-fluency features in the transcripts:

A
  • MADE IN CHELSEA = ‘no no no no no I can speak as well Inga’ - male
26
Q

Which theories are linked to non-fluency features?

A
  • Zimmerman and West = men deny equal status to women as conversational partners and they engineer female silence
  • Geoffrey Beattie = men and women interrupt at the same frequency
27
Q

What are paralinguistic expressions?

A

body language, gestures, tone and pitch

28
Q

Which theories link to paralinguistic expressions?

A
  • Robin Lakoff = women speak in italics, exaggerated intonation
29
Q

What is a direct imperative?

A

most direct form of the imperative and it is formed by using the infinitive of the verb without the ‘to’

30
Q

Examples of the direct imperative in the transcripts:

A
  • LOVE ISLAND = ‘just listen’ - male to female
31
Q

What is an expletive term?

A

a swear word that is let out when someone is startled or mad

32
Q

Which theories are linked to an expletive term?

A
  • Keith and Shuttleworth = men swear more and insult each other more frequently
33
Q

What is an empty adjective?

A

adjectives that have meaning that indicate the speaker’s approval or admiration for something
e.g. divine, charming, cute

34
Q

Which theories link to empty adjectives?

A
  • Jespersen = women use empty or weak adjectives
35
Q

What is a euphemism?

A

polite expression to refer to things that may be upsetting or embarrassing

36
Q

Examples of euphemisms from the transcripts:

A
  • MADE IN CHELSEA = ‘I never once thought our relationship was on the rocks until now.’ - female
37
Q

Which theories link to euphemisms?

A
  • Lakoff = women are more indirect
38
Q

What is a modal verb?

A

used with a main verb to express possibility, ability, permission or neccessity

39
Q

Examples of modal verbs in the transcripts:

A
  • LOVE ISLAND = ‘I don’t think you should do that’ - female
  • THE APPRENTICE = ‘Ben should be fired’ - female
40
Q

Which theories link to modal verbs?

A
  • Lakoff = women use more modal constructions
  • Tannen = women are more likely to make suggestions than men who make demanda

english language (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions