Levels of Evidence Flashcards
What is the order for the hierarchy of evidence?
- Systematic reviews and meta analysis
- Randomized control trial
- cohort studies
- Case control studies
- cross-sectional studies
- case series
- case reports
- ideas and opinions
What is a systematic review?
a comprehensive review of the medical literature that uses explicit methods to systematically search, identify, appriase, and summarize all literature for a specific topic
What is a Meta-Analysis?
a review that uses a statistical technique to derive an estimate of effect size by combining the results of several randomized controlled trials to determine the overall effectiveness of a treatment
What is a cohort study?
a longitudinal, observational study in which people who have a risk factor or exposure to a certain disease/ailment are followed over time to compare the occurrence of the disease in the exposed group to that of an unexposed group
What is a case control study?
a retrospective observational study that follows people who already have a disease/ailment and are matched with a comparison group of individuals without the disease
What is a cross sectional study?
an observational stud that takes it data at only one point in time and all subjects are tested at relatively the same time
What is Nominal data?
qualitive data where values are mutually exclusive
example: blood type, type of breath sound and type of arthritis
What is Ordinal Data?
a ranking scale for data on the basis of a property of the variable and the intervals between the ranks may not be equal or known
examples: muscle strength grades, levels of assistance, pain and joint laxity
What is Interval Data?
measurement scale where the intervals between values is equal but there is no true zero point
examples: temperature in F or C and some developmental and functional status tests
What is Ratio Data?
measurement scale where intervals between values are equal and there is a true 0 point
examples: range of motion, distance walked, time to complete an activity, etc.
