Cryotherapy, Superficial Heat, and Hydrotherapy Flashcards
What is the therapeutic effect of using cryotherapy?
- decreased blood flow to treatment area
- decreased edema
- decreased local temperature
- decreased metabolic rate
- decreased nerve conduction velocity
- decreased tone
- increased pain threshold
What are the indications of cryotherapy?
- abnormal tone
- acute or chronic pain
- acute or subacute inflammation
- bursitis
- muscle spasm
- musculoskeletal trauma
- myofascial trigger points
- tendonitis
- tenosynovitis
What are the contraindications for cryotherapy?
- cold intolerance
- infection
- over an area of compromised circulation
- over regenerating peripheral nerves
- PVD
- Raynaud’s phenomenon
- skin anesthesia
How big of an area can be covered in 5-10 minutes of an ice massage if done properly?
10cm by 15cm if using small, overlapping circles or strokes
How long should a cold pack be applied for?
How deep does the cold penetrate into the skin?
20 minutes but can be up to 30 minutes if the goal is spasticity reduction
About 2cm
How should skin appear immediately after a cold pack use?
red or dark pink
How cold should a cold bath be for cryotherapy?
How long should a distal extremity be in the cold bath?
55-64 degrees
15-20 minutes (the lower the temp the shorter the duration)
What is a cryo cuff?
a cold water circulating unit that combines the benefits of cold with compression
How does vapocoolant spray work?
How often can it be performed in a session
evaporation
can be used multiple times but the skin must be re-warmed in between uses
What is the main purpose for using vapocoolant spray?
Treating trigger points
What are the therapeutic effects of hydrotherapy?
- decreased abnormal tone
- increased blood flow
- increased core temperature
- pain relief
- relaxation
- vasodilation
- wound debridement
What are the indications for hydrotherapy?
- arthritis, burn car, or edema
- decreased ROM or joint stiffness
- muscle strain, pain, sprain, or spasms
- wound care
What are the contraindications for hydrotherapy?
- incontinence
- advanced cardiopulmonary diseases
- active bleeding
- gangrene
- maceration
- PVD
- renal infection or other severe infections
- severe mental disorders
What property of water is based off of Archimede’s principle?
Bouyancy
What is the specific gravity of water? What is the gravity of an average person?
1.0
.974
thus average people float in water
What are the primary determinants of water motion?
speed, viscosity, and turbulence
Which water tank should a patient who only wants to soak their legs use?
What if they want to soak their entire body?
Lowboy tank
Hubbard Tank
What is the purpose of a therapeutic pool that is set at 32-79deg. ?
72-92 degrees?
92-96?
96-98?
99-104?
104+?
acute inflammation of distal extremities
exercise
wound care, spasticity
treatment of burns or cardiopulmonary compromised patients
pain management
chronic rheumatoid or osteoarthritis, increased ROM
What is common procedure for performing a contrast bath intervention?
- first have patient soak extremity in hot bath (104-106 degrees) for 3-4 minutes
- then place extremity in cold bath (50-60) for one minute
- Repeat for 25-30 minutes
What are the therapeutic effects of superficial heat?
- decreased muscle spasm
- decreased tone
- increased blood flow to the treatment area
- increased collagen extensibility
- increased local temp
- increased metabolic rate
- increased nerve conduction velocity
- increased pain threshold
What are the indication for superficial heat?
- abnormal tone
- decreased ROM
- muscle guarding
- muscle spasm
- trigger points
- subacute or chronic pain or inflammatory processes
What are the contraindications for heat?
- acute trauma
- arterial disease
- bleeding or hemorrhage
- over a malignant area
- PVD
- thrombophlebitis
How do hot packs transfer heat to the body?
Conduction
What temperature are hotpacks stored?
between 158 and 167 degrees
What is fluidotherapy?
superficial heat therapy that uses a container that circulates warm air and small cellulose particles to generate a dry heat via convection
How soon should you check the skin of a patient that is using a heat pack?
Within the first 10 minutes because underlying skin should reach max temp by 6-8 minutes
What type of heat transfer does a infrared lamp use?
Radiation
What temperature shoud paraffin wax be applied at?
between 113 and 122
What are the 3 types of paraffin application?
Explain each
Dip-Wrap: patient dips hand into wax, lets it cool and repeats 6-10 times then leaves it in place for 10-15 minutes
Dip Re-immersion: paraffin unit is turned off and hand is kept inside the unit (performed after initial 6-10 wraps) and hand stays there for 20 minutes
Paint Application: used for parts of the body that cannot be dipped in paraffin tank, paraffin is painted onto the area for 6-10 layers
What is Conduction heat transfer?
What modalities transfer heat this way?
transfer of heat via direct contact
- cold pack
- cryo cuff
- ice massage
- hot pack
- paraffin
What is Convection heat transfer?
What modalities transfer heat this way?
water or air moving in a constant motion across the body
cold whirlpool
fluidotherapy
hot whirlpool
What is Conversion heat transfer?
What modalities transfer heat this way?
When nonthermal energy is transformed into heat
Diathermy
Ultrasound
What is Evaporation heat transfer?
What modalities transfer heat this way?
When liquid absorbs heat and turns into a vapor which pulls heat from the body
vapocoolant
What is Radiation heat transfer?
What modalities transfer heat this way?
heat transfer from a source of high energy or heat to a source of low heat or energy without making contact
infrared lamp
laser
UV light
