leukemias/lymphomas 1 Flashcards
Most adult leukemia are
Most childhood leukemia are
Adult: acute myeloid
Child: acute lymphoid
Difference between leukemia and lymphoma
Leukemia is In the blood and lymphoma in the lymph nodes
Leukemia replaces hematopoietic population resulting in pancytopenia
Most leukemias and lymphomas originate from what cell line?
B cells
MDS: myelodysplatic syndrome
What is it?
Microscopic morphology
Ineffective hematopoiesis
Macrocytic Erythroid cells
Hypo granular bilobed nuclear neutrophils (known as pseudo Pelger-Huët anomaly)
Four types of leukemias
Acute lymphoid
Chronic lymphoid
Acute myeloid
Chronic myeloid
Young child between two and ten with CD10 surface marker with low WBC count
Prognosis?
ALL acute lymphoid leukemia
Good prognosis
Most ALL are precursor BCell type and have surface markers CD10, 19,20
CD markers for CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia)
19,20,23,5
Epidemiology of CLL
Age greater than 50
Male to female ratio 2:1
Most common form of leukemia in the US
What is Richter transformation
CLL turning into diffuse large B cell lymphoma
5% of cases
Microscopic morphology of CLL
Cracked earth appearance
SMUDGE CELLS are cells that broke during prep of slide
High nucleoid to cytoplasm ratio
Large number of white cells
Cells that are myeloid in origin?
Red blood cells, megakaryocytes, neutrophils, monocytes
Markers for AML (acute myeloid leukemia)
CD13,15,64
Auer rods seen in
AML
Type M3 (acute promyelocyte leukemia)
Type M2
Many rods per cell in M3
AML can cause what medical emergency?
DIC
What kind of leukemia is associated with swollen gums?
Monocytic leukemia (AML M4 M5)
Which leukemia is associated with Down syndrome
Presents with pancytopenia, organomegaly, and marrow fibrosis
AML-M7 aka acute megakaryocytic leukemia
CML associated with monoclonal proliferation of _____ which is the precursor cell for______
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Philadelphia chromosome associated with what disease?
CML
What is Blast Chrisis?
CML progressing to AML or ALL
Poor prognosis
Four types of Chronic Myeloproliferative diseases?
CML
Essential thrombocytosis
Polycythemia rubra Vera
Myelofribosis
Budd Chiari syndrome
What is it?
Cause?
Retinal vein occlusion due to sludging from high RBC count of polycythemia rubra Vera
Bone marrow cells outside of bone, such as in spleen or liver is indicative of…
Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
B symptoms of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
Most common type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Nodular type
Predominant in females
Starry sky pattern seen in…
What’s the cellular cause?
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Caused by macrophage engulfing cellular debris
B symptoms of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
Most common type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Nodular type
Predominant in females
Starry sky pattern seen in
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Caused by macrophage engulfing cellular debris
lymphoma arising from MALT
conditions associated with causing this lymphoma
Maltoma
MALT: Mucosa associated lymph tissue
Helicobacter pylori
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Sjogren syndrome
