Inflammation Flashcards
Difference between lymphocytosis and neutrophilia
Neutrophilia is increase in only PMCs (neutrophils). Seen in bacterial infections and injury. Lymphocytosis is an absolute increase in lymphocytes. Seen in viral infections.
Endogenous pyrogens
IL-1, TNF-a
Red infarct occur in
Loose tissue
Liver, lung, intestines
Following reperfusion
Pale infarct occur in
Solid tissue
With single blood supply
Heart, kidney, spleen
Causes bacterial chemotaxis
C5a IL-8 LeukotrieneB4 Kallikrein (cilk)
Granulomatous disease
Th1 secrete Gamma interferon Activate macrophage to secrete TNFa Induces granuloma formation
Two types of selectins and their mediators
P selectins from Weibel Palade bodies and histamine
E selectins from TNF and IL1
Selectins bind
Sialyl Lewis X (on leukocytes)
CAM (cellular adhesion molecules) upregulated
by TNF & IL1
Adhesion mediated by
CAM and integrins
Integrins regulated by
C5a and
LTB4
Leukocyte adhesion defect
Caused by
Symptoms
By autosomal recessive defect of integrin CD18 subunit
Delayed separation of umbilical cord
Recurrent bacterial infections lack pus formation
Increased circulating neutrophils
Opsonins mediated by
IgG and c3b
Symptoms of chediak higashi syndrome
Impaired phagolysosome formation
Increased pyogenic infections Neutropenia Giant granules in leukocytes Albinisim Defective primary hemostasis
Oxygen dependent killing
Four step conversion
Oxygen to superoxide to hydrogen peroxide to bleach
O2, o2–, h2o2, HOCl
Mediators of bleach formation
NADPH converts o2 to superoxide
SOD(superoxide dismutase) converts to h2o2
Myeloperoxidase converts to HOCl
NADPH oxidase defect causes
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Chronic granulomatous disease suspectable to
Catalase+ infections
S. Aureus Pseudonomas cepacia S. Marcescens Nocardia Aspergillus
Catalase breaks down H2O2 therefore no bleach
Second activation signal for CD4
B7 on apc binds CD28 on CD4
7x4=28
Th1 express what complements?
IL2 (T cell growth factor and cd8 activator) and IFNgamma (activates macrophages)
Th2 complements
IL4: class switch to IgG and IgE
IL5: eosinophile chemotaxis, B maturation into plasma cells, class switch to IgA
IL10: inhibits Th1 subtype
CD8 second signal
IL2 from CD4 Th1
Naive B cells express
IgM and IgD
B cell activation primary signal
B cell apc presentation to cd4 via MHC II
B cell activation secondary signal
CD40 on B cell binds CD40L on helper T
Causes secretion of IL4&5
Leading to class switch and maturation
