Leukaemia - overview Flashcards
Leukaemias are malignant proliferations of ? forming cells, and are classified as being ? or ?, and of ? or ? origin.
The ? stem cell first divides into the common ? progenitor cell, or the common ? progenitor cell.
blood acute, chronic myeloid lymphoid haematopoietic myeloid lymphoid
The common myeloid progenitor cell then subdivides to form ?, ? cells, megakaryocytes (form ?) and ?, which go on to form monocytes, basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils.
rbc
mast
platelets
myeloblasts
The common lymphoid progenitor cell subdivides to form ? cells, ? and ? lymphocytes.
The myeloproliferative conditions (?, ?, ? vera) are considered pre-?.
nk t b myelofibrosis myelodysplasia polycythaemia leakeamic
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL);
Malignancy of ? cells of either B or T cell lineages, leading to ? proliferation of immature blast cells.
This leads to eventual ? ? ? and tissue ?.
lymphoid
uncontrolled
bone marrow failure
infiltration
ALL
ALL is the most common malignancy in ?, with the average age of
diagnosis ?-? years (‘L for ?’), making up 80% of ? leukaemias.
It is rare in ?.
It is more common in certain genetic syndromes, e.g. ?
children 3-7 little childhood adults downs
ALL
The prognosis is good in ?(below ?), with cure rates of >80%.
Poor prognosis is suggested by ? age of presentation, ? sex, ? cell disease and presence of the ? chromosome (9:22 translocation)
kids 10 older male b philadelphia
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML);
Malignancy of ? cells from the marrow myeloid elements.
It can arise ‘de novo’ , or on a background of ? conditions, previous ?, ionising radiation or ? syndromes
myeloproliferative
CTx
genetic
AML
AML can occur at any age, but has a median age of presentation of ? years
(‘M for ?’), with incidence ? with age.
It is ? progressive, with a ?% 3-year survival after chemotherapy
65 mature increasing rapidly 20
