Acute Leukaemias

Question 1

Regardless of ?, acute leukaemias generally present with ? symptoms, ?
pain from ? infiltration, and symptoms related to ? ? failure.

Answer 1

subtype
b
bone
marrow
bone marrow

Question 2

Symptoms;

B Symptoms: ?, ? loss, night ?, ?, fevers.
? pain.
?omegaly / ?omegaly

Answer 2

fatigue
wt
sweats
pruritus
bone
hep
splen

Question 3

Symptoms related to marrow failure;
0 Anaemia: ? on ?, ?.
0 Leukopenia* : ? infections. (Although presenting with a ?, the cells are ? and nonfunctioning blast cells, thus symptoms of ? are seen.)
0 Thrombocytopenia: ? and ? (more common in ?).

Answer 3

sob exertion
weakness
recurrent
leukocytosis
immature
leukopenia
bleeeding and bruising
aml

Question 4

Investigations;

?.
Blood Film: ? diagnostic, with ? identified morphologically and confirmed with immunophenotyping.
CXR: ?-cell ? classically shows ? widening.
? ? aspiration: to confirm diagnosis, and confirm lineage.
? scanning to check for ? disease.
?, ? plus cardiac function testing (?/?) are then essential for ? therapy.

Answer 4

fbc
blasts
lineage
t
all
mediastinal
bm
pet
mets
u+e, lft, ecg/echo
planning

Question 5

Supportive Care;

Nurse with ? ? nursing.
Insert a ? line for venous access.
Give a ?-? diet.
Frequent blood and ? ? required.
? to prevent tumour ? syndrome due to chemotherapy.
Check frequent bloods and observations for signs of ?

Answer 5

full barrier
hickman
high-calorie
platelet transfusion
allopurinol
lysis
infection

Question 6

Antibiotics;

If temperature is >? degrees on ?occasions greater than an ? apart,
assume ? and start ? ? Abx until afebrile for ? hours.
o Often a ? plus ?.

Answer 6

38
two
hour
sepsis
bs
72
ceph
gent

Question 7

ALL Management;

High dose ? to induce remission.
o Consolidation with high/medium dose ‘?’ over many weeks.
o 2 ? of maintenance therapy.
Consider a marrow ? if poor prognosis or ?.
Transplant is necessary to cure those with the ? ?

Answer 7

CTx
blocks
years
transplant
relapse
philly chromosome

Question 8

AML Management;

Intensive ?.
In disease with poor prognosis, ? marrow transplant from ?-matched ? is indicated after first-round chemotherapy.
o This then allows further ? dose ? .
In intermediate prognosis disease, ? marrow transplants may be used (cells grown from ? bone marrow).
o Further chemotherapy must be at ?doses.

Answer 8

CTx
allogenic
HLA
sibling
high ctx
autologous
own
lower