Leukaemia Flashcards
on blood film, what malignancy is Aeur rods associated with?
acute myeloid leukaemia
what is the treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia?
chemotherapy
- daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside
allogenic stem cell transplant
what are poor prognostic factors for AML?
age > 60
20% blast cells after first round of chemo
cytogenetics: deletion of chromosome 5 or 7
what malignancy is associated with the philadelphia chromosome?
CML
what is the genetic mutation found in 95% of CML?
philadelphia chromosome
due to translocation of the long arm of chromosome 9 and 22
what cytogenetics is CML associated with?
t(9:22)
q34;q11
what malignancy is associated with decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase?
chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
what is the treatment for CML?
- 1st line: tyrosine kinase inhibitor - Imabtinib
- hydroxyurea
- interferon-alpha
- allogenic bone marrow trasnplant
describe the mechanism of Imatinib.
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- inhibits the tyrosine kinase associated with BCR-ABL defect in CML
what are poor prognostic factors for ALL?
age < 2 or > 10 B or T cell surface markers WCC at presentation > 20 x 10(9) male sex non-caucasian
what are complications found in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?
hypogammaglobinaemia anaemia immune thrombocytopenic purpura warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia transformation to high grade lymphoma (Richter's transformation)
what malignancy is smudge cells associated with?
CLL
how is CLL staged?
Binet staging
A - < 3 lymph node involvement (life expectancy normal)
B - > 3 lymph node involvement (life expectancy 8 yrs)
C - grade B + anaemia, ITP (life expectancy 6 yrs)
what are poor prognostic indicators for CLL?
Binet stage B or C atypical lymphocyte morphology rapid lymphocyte doubling time (< 12 months) CD 38 expression loss/mutation P53; del 11q23 unmutated IgVH gene status
increase in granulocytes + thrombocytosis found in what malignancy?
chronic myeloid leukaemia
