Lesson Three Flashcards
Cell theory
The cell is the building block of all organisms and cells come from pre-existing cells
Prokaryotic cells
Do not contain a nucleus or many cell organelles, other than ribosomes, because prokaryotic
Eukaryotic cell
Have a nucleus and many organelles, contains internal membranes
Nucleus
Largest organelle, contains chromatin, surrounded by a double-layered membrane
Nucleolus
Dark region in the nucleoplasm, site where rRNA is produced, involved in interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm
Chromatin
Hereditary material of the cell, condensed to form chromosomes, composed of protein and DNA
Chromosomes
Contains the hereditary information (genes)
Cytoplasm
Can change from gel to sol state with heat or change in metabolic activity, supports all the cells organelles
Cell membrane
Composed of protein and phospholipids, acts as a skin, acts as a selectively permeable membrane
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Contains enzyme that synthesize lipids and related products such as steroids, produced lipids
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Like smooth ER but with attached ribosomes. Abundant in cells that produce large amounts of protein
Golgi body
One side received protein filled vesicles and then sorts them and packaged them in vesicles st the other side. Then the vesicles move to different locations in cell. Extensive in secretion
Vacuoles
Storage area for water, nutrients, and wastes
Vesicles
Small vacuoles, can be made by Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Special vacuoles that digest substances entering the cell or organelles
Ribosomes
Contain rNA and protein, create protein, found on ER
Mitochondria
Burn glucose to produce ATP, use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide considered the powerhouse of the cell, had cristae
Cytoskeleton
Provides internal structure to maintain the cell’s shape and anchor the organelles
How organelles work together:
ER breaks free to produce small membranes of proteins or lipids bound in structures called vesicles. Vesicles move to cytoplasm and join into Golgi apparatus, gA prepared the contents of vesicles for storage. Molecules destined for secretion move to the cell membrane and exocytosis starys, those destined for future use in the cell become lysosomes and have digestive hydronic enzymes (used for hydrolysis).
