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Biology 12 > Lesson Nine > Flashcards

Lesson Nine Flashcards

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1
Q

Arteries

A

Stretch when the ventricles eject the blood from the heart then recoil to move blood along

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2
Q

Veins

A

Transports blood back to heart, have thin walls

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

Interconnected arteries to vein, 1 cell thick walls

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4
Q

Arterioles and Venules

A

Arterioles can have sphincter muscles

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5
Q

Afferent arterioles

A

Means the incoming arterioles where efferent arteriole is the outgoing arteriole

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6
Q

Aorta

A

Carries oxygenated blood out of left Ventricle and feeds rest of body

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7
Q

Coronary arteries

A

First branches from sorts. Small blood vessels, feeds the heart muscle

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8
Q

Coronary veins

A

Brings back the spent blood to the heart

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9
Q

Carotid arteries

A

Branches from aortic arch to the head, specializes with nerve endings

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10
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Detect oxygen content

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11
Q

Pressure receptors

A

Detect blood pressure changes

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12
Q

Jugular veins

A

Match with carotid arteries, do not have valves and conduct blood from head to superior vena cava

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13
Q

Subclavian arteries

A

Branches from aortas and travels under clavicle, feeds the arms

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14
Q

Mesenteric arteries

A

Branch off the aorta as it travels posteriorly, feeds the digestive system

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15
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Match with mesenteric vein. Brings blood from digestive tract to liver

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16
Q

Hepatic vein

A

Carries blood from liver to posterior vena cava

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17
Q

Rénal artery

A

Takes blood to kidney from aorta

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18
Q

Renal vein

A

Takes blood from kidneys and back to posterior vena cava

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19
Q

lliac arteries

A

Supplies legs with oxygenated blood

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20
Q

Iliac vein

A

Returns deoxygenated blood to posterior vena cava

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21
Q

Anterior Vena Cava

A

(Superior) collects blood from upper body and carries it to right atrium

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22
Q

Posterior Vena Cava

A

(Inferior) collects blood from the lower blood to fight atrium

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23
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium of heart

24
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs

25
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Path goes to and from lungs:
Right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to lung capillaries to pulmonary veins to left atrium, carries carbon dioxide to lungs, returns oxygen rich blood to heart.

26
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Path from left ventricle to body back to right atrium carries oxygen rich blood to body tissues. Returns carbon dioxide filled blood to heart.

27
Q

Cross sectional area blood flow

A

As cross sectional area increases, velocity of the blood decreases

28
Q

Velocity of blood decreases from…

A

Aorta to arteries to capillaries and increased in venules and veins.

29
Q

As cross sectional area increases….

A

Blood pressure decreases

30
Q

Oval opening

A

Opening between 2 atria, acts like a valve. Allows blood flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium. Allows blood to bypass lungs

31
Q

Arterial duct

A

Connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta, blood flows there, bypassing lungs

32
Q

Umbilical artery and vein

A

Umbilical artery takes wasted to the placenta from the fetus, umbilical vein takes nutrients to the fetus from the placenta

33
Q

Venous duct

A

Connection between umbilical vein and Vena Cava, blood coming from the umbilical vein passes directly to Vena cava, allowing blood to bypass liver

34
Q

Plasma components

A

Water, plasma proteins, gases, nutrients, salts, wastes

Plasma accounts for 55% of blood volume

35
Q

Purpose of plasma proteins

A

Albumen, fibrinogen, globulins:

Helps maintain osmotic pressure in blood, transports, blood clotting, infection fighting

36
Q

Salts purpose in plasma

A

Regulates osmotic pressure, helps in metabolism

37
Q

Red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes
Round disks
Carries 02, CO2, H+
Originated in bone marrow

38
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes
Variable, amoeboid
Provides immunity
Originates in bone marrow and lymphoid tissue

39
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes
Cell fragment shape
Helps with blood clotting
Originates in bone marrow

40
Q

Blood clotting

A

Platelets clump at site of peak and help lose it. Release thromboplastin which converts to thrombin. Thrombin then breaks the ends of fibrinogen that converts to fibrin, which forms a lattice over leak to trap blood cells, forming a clot. Once the blood vessel is repaired, plasmin destroys the network.

41
Q

A

A

Antigen: A
Antibody: Anti B
Can accept: A, O

42
Q

B

A

Antigen: B
Antibody: Anti A
Can accept: B, O

43
Q

AB

A

Antigen: A and B
Antibody: none
Can accept: A, B, AB, O

44
Q

O

A

Antigen: None
Antibody: Anti-A, Anti-B
Can accept: O

45
Q

Rhésus Factor

A

Might have antigen D which decides if blood is RH+ or RH-
If a mother is RH- and Father is RH+ and baby is RH+ the mother’s system would try and destroy the baby’s RBCs (aka Erythroblastosis)

46
Q

If second baby is RH+….

A

Agglutination (clumping of blood would occur) RHOgam (an enzyme) can be injected into the mother which would eliminate antibody D

47
Q

Lymphatic system purposes

A
  • takes excess tissue fluid and sends it to circulatory system.
  • products of fat digestion are absorbed into lacetals which lead to lymph vessels and nodes
  • lymph nodes produce lymphocytes
  • lymph nodes are filters and trap bacteria and other debris to purify body fluids
48
Q

Spleen

A
  • largest lump of lymphatic tissue
  • produces lymphocytes and stores excess blood
  • can help with blood pressure by storing it or adding blood
49
Q

Thymus gland

A
  • becomes smaller with age

- bi-lobed structure which is important in maturing lymphocytes

50
Q

Tonsils and Appendix

A

Help remove invading organisms and viruses

51
Q

Lymphatic tissue

A

Stores excess blood and produces white blood cells

52
Q

Lymph vessels

A

Fluids only move in one direction, contain lymph veins and capillaries (no lymph arteries)

53
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Small oval tissues which filter fluids and produce lymphocytes

54
Q

Lacetals

A

Sacs in vili of digestive system which absorb products of fat digestion

55
Q

Inflammatory response in lymphatic system

A

Attacks foreign substances (monocytes and neutrophils engulf the bacteria or viruses in amoeboid fashion. Lymphocytes produce antibodies.

56
Q

Antibodies are proteins that…

A

Attack unwanted proteins which results in agglutination

Biology 12 (11 decks)

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