Lesson Nine Flashcards
Arteries
Stretch when the ventricles eject the blood from the heart then recoil to move blood along
Veins
Transports blood back to heart, have thin walls
Capillaries
Interconnected arteries to vein, 1 cell thick walls
Arterioles and Venules
Arterioles can have sphincter muscles
Afferent arterioles
Means the incoming arterioles where efferent arteriole is the outgoing arteriole
Aorta
Carries oxygenated blood out of left Ventricle and feeds rest of body
Coronary arteries
First branches from sorts. Small blood vessels, feeds the heart muscle
Coronary veins
Brings back the spent blood to the heart
Carotid arteries
Branches from aortic arch to the head, specializes with nerve endings
Chemoreceptors
Detect oxygen content
Pressure receptors
Detect blood pressure changes
Jugular veins
Match with carotid arteries, do not have valves and conduct blood from head to superior vena cava
Subclavian arteries
Branches from aortas and travels under clavicle, feeds the arms
Mesenteric arteries
Branch off the aorta as it travels posteriorly, feeds the digestive system
Hepatic portal vein
Match with mesenteric vein. Brings blood from digestive tract to liver
Hepatic vein
Carries blood from liver to posterior vena cava
Rénal artery
Takes blood to kidney from aorta
Renal vein
Takes blood from kidneys and back to posterior vena cava
lliac arteries
Supplies legs with oxygenated blood
Iliac vein
Returns deoxygenated blood to posterior vena cava
Anterior Vena Cava
(Superior) collects blood from upper body and carries it to right atrium
Posterior Vena Cava
(Inferior) collects blood from the lower blood to fight atrium
Pulmonary vein
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium of heart
Pulmonary arteries
Carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary circuit
Path goes to and from lungs:
Right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to lung capillaries to pulmonary veins to left atrium, carries carbon dioxide to lungs, returns oxygen rich blood to heart.
Systemic circuit
Path from left ventricle to body back to right atrium carries oxygen rich blood to body tissues. Returns carbon dioxide filled blood to heart.
Cross sectional area blood flow
As cross sectional area increases, velocity of the blood decreases
Velocity of blood decreases from…
Aorta to arteries to capillaries and increased in venules and veins.
As cross sectional area increases….
Blood pressure decreases
Oval opening
Opening between 2 atria, acts like a valve. Allows blood flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium. Allows blood to bypass lungs
Arterial duct
Connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta, blood flows there, bypassing lungs
Umbilical artery and vein
Umbilical artery takes wasted to the placenta from the fetus, umbilical vein takes nutrients to the fetus from the placenta
Venous duct
Connection between umbilical vein and Vena Cava, blood coming from the umbilical vein passes directly to Vena cava, allowing blood to bypass liver
Plasma components
Water, plasma proteins, gases, nutrients, salts, wastes
Plasma accounts for 55% of blood volume
Purpose of plasma proteins
Albumen, fibrinogen, globulins:
Helps maintain osmotic pressure in blood, transports, blood clotting, infection fighting
Salts purpose in plasma
Regulates osmotic pressure, helps in metabolism
Red blood cells
Erythrocytes
Round disks
Carries 02, CO2, H+
Originated in bone marrow
White blood cells
Leukocytes
Variable, amoeboid
Provides immunity
Originates in bone marrow and lymphoid tissue
Platelets
Thrombocytes
Cell fragment shape
Helps with blood clotting
Originates in bone marrow
Blood clotting
Platelets clump at site of peak and help lose it. Release thromboplastin which converts to thrombin. Thrombin then breaks the ends of fibrinogen that converts to fibrin, which forms a lattice over leak to trap blood cells, forming a clot. Once the blood vessel is repaired, plasmin destroys the network.
A
Antigen: A
Antibody: Anti B
Can accept: A, O
B
Antigen: B
Antibody: Anti A
Can accept: B, O
AB
Antigen: A and B
Antibody: none
Can accept: A, B, AB, O
O
Antigen: None
Antibody: Anti-A, Anti-B
Can accept: O
Rhésus Factor
Might have antigen D which decides if blood is RH+ or RH-
If a mother is RH- and Father is RH+ and baby is RH+ the mother’s system would try and destroy the baby’s RBCs (aka Erythroblastosis)
If second baby is RH+….
Agglutination (clumping of blood would occur) RHOgam (an enzyme) can be injected into the mother which would eliminate antibody D
Lymphatic system purposes
- takes excess tissue fluid and sends it to circulatory system.
- products of fat digestion are absorbed into lacetals which lead to lymph vessels and nodes
- lymph nodes produce lymphocytes
- lymph nodes are filters and trap bacteria and other debris to purify body fluids
Spleen
- largest lump of lymphatic tissue
- produces lymphocytes and stores excess blood
- can help with blood pressure by storing it or adding blood
Thymus gland
- becomes smaller with age
- bi-lobed structure which is important in maturing lymphocytes
Tonsils and Appendix
Help remove invading organisms and viruses
Lymphatic tissue
Stores excess blood and produces white blood cells
Lymph vessels
Fluids only move in one direction, contain lymph veins and capillaries (no lymph arteries)
Lymph nodes
Small oval tissues which filter fluids and produce lymphocytes
Lacetals
Sacs in vili of digestive system which absorb products of fat digestion
Inflammatory response in lymphatic system
Attacks foreign substances (monocytes and neutrophils engulf the bacteria or viruses in amoeboid fashion. Lymphocytes produce antibodies.
Antibodies are proteins that…
Attack unwanted proteins which results in agglutination
