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Pcol2 > LESSON 9: Vasoconstrictors and Vasodilators > Flashcards

LESSON 9: Vasoconstrictors and Vasodilators Flashcards

1
Q

VASOCONSTRICTORS DRUGS

A

PHENYLEPHRINE
METHOXAMINE
MIDODRINE
EPHEDRINE, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
XYLOMETAZOLINE, OXYMETAZOLINE
EPINEPHRINE
NOREPINEPHRINE
COCAINE

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2
Q

Pure alpha agonist

A

PHENYLEPHRINE

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3
Q

Mydriatic, decongestant, elevate
BP, nasal decongestant spray

A

PHENYLEPHRINE

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4
Q

Direct acting α1 receptor agonist

A

METHOXAMINE

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5
Q

May cause a prolonged
increase in blood pressure and
vagally-mediated bradycardia

A

METHOXAMINE

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6
Q

Treat hypotension

A

METHOXAMINE

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7
Q

Prodrug of desglymidodrine, α1
receptor selective agonist

A

MIDODRINE

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8
Q

Treatment of postural/orthostatic
hypotension due to impaired
autonomic nervous system
function

A

MIDODRINE

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9
Q

Contains multiple ephedrine-like alkaloids; congestion raised important safety concerns; used in asthma before

A

EPHEDRINE

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10
Q

One of 4 ephedrine enantiomers; component of many decongestant
mixtures

A

Pseudoephedrine

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11
Q

Similar to epinephrine but are less
potent and more resistant to MAO
and COMT

A

Pseudoephedrine/Ephedrine

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12
Q

Direct acting ALPHA agonist

A

XYLOMETAZOLINE, OXYMETAZOLINE

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13
Q

Topical decongestant

A

XYLOMETAZOLINE, OXYMETAZOLINE

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14
Q

Non-selective adrenergic agonist

A

EPINEPHRINE

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15
Q

Treatment of anaphylaxis; vasoconstrictor, used in nasal
packs to control epistaxis or
nosebleed

A

EPINEPHRINE

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16
Q

Also called as noradrenaline

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

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17
Q

Increases peripheral resistance and both diastolic and
systolic BP and mean arterial pressure

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

18
Q

Activates BETA 1-receptors
(equipotent to epinephrine) and
ALPHA-receptors (slightly less
potent than epinephrine), has little
activity to BETA 2-receptors

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

19
Q

Adrenergic agonist

A

PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE

20
Q

Common component in OTC
appetite suppressants

A

PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE

21
Q

Blocks reuptake of epinephrine

A

COCAINE

22
Q

Used during nasopharyngeal
surgery

A

COCAINE

23
Q

Long-term outpatient therapy of hypertension

A

Hydralazine; Minoxidil

24
Q

Parenteral to treat hypertensive emergencies

A

Diazoxide; Sodium nitroprusside

25
Q

Used in both circumstances (hypertensive emergencies & Long-term outpatient therapy of hypertension)

A

Calcium channel blockers

26
Q

Used Mainly in angina

A

Nitroglycerin

27
Q

Also used as vasodilator

A

Angiotensin receptor
blocking agents, ACE Inhibitors

28
Q

Directly relaxes the arterioles
mediated by increasing K efflux
and decreasing Ca influx

A

HYDRALAZINE

29
Q

Treatment of hypertension in
pregnant women

A

HYDRALAZINE

30
Q

Opens K channels of vascular
smooth muscles by minoxidil
sulfate (active metabolite) →
decrease chance for contraction →
relaxation of the arterioles

A

MINOXIDIL

31
Q

Antihypertensive, (when they
discovered it can cause hirsutism,)
used as topical remedy for male
pattern baldness

A

MINOXIDIL

32
Q

Opens K channel (it
prevents vascular smooth
muscle contraction by opening
K channels and stabilizing the
membrane potential at a
resting leve)

A

DIAZOXIDE

33
Q

DIAZOXIDE treat __________

A

Treat hypertensive emergencies

34
Q

Converted to nitric oxide by
aldehyde reductase → increase
cGMP → relaxation of vascular
smooth muscles → vasodilation

A

NITROGLYCERIN

35
Q

Anti-angina

A

NITROGLYCERIN

36
Q

Toxicity: Accumulation of cyanide and thiocyanate

A

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

37
Q

Powerful parenteral vasodilator

A

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

38
Q

Inhibits calcium influx into arterial
smooth muscles → relaxation →
vasodilation

A

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

39
Q

Adverse effect: Dry cough (due to bradykinin and
substance P), acute renal failure hyperkalemia, and
angioedema

A

ACE INHIBITORS

40
Q

Inhibits converting enzyme
peptidyl dipeptidase which
converts angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, a potent vasodilator
(Bradykinin)

A

ACE INHIBITORS

41
Q

Preferred treatment of
hypertension in patients with
diabetic nephropathy

A

ACE INHIBITORS

42
Q

Blockers of angiotensin II type 1
receptor

A

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS BLOCKING AGENTS

Pcol2 (20 decks)

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