LESSON 9: Vasoconstrictors and Vasodilators Flashcards
VASOCONSTRICTORS DRUGS
PHENYLEPHRINE
METHOXAMINE
MIDODRINE
EPHEDRINE, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
XYLOMETAZOLINE, OXYMETAZOLINE
EPINEPHRINE
NOREPINEPHRINE
COCAINE
Pure alpha agonist
PHENYLEPHRINE
Mydriatic, decongestant, elevate
BP, nasal decongestant spray
PHENYLEPHRINE
Direct acting α1 receptor agonist
METHOXAMINE
May cause a prolonged
increase in blood pressure and
vagally-mediated bradycardia
METHOXAMINE
Treat hypotension
METHOXAMINE
Prodrug of desglymidodrine, α1
receptor selective agonist
MIDODRINE
Treatment of postural/orthostatic
hypotension due to impaired
autonomic nervous system
function
MIDODRINE
Contains multiple ephedrine-like alkaloids; congestion raised important safety concerns; used in asthma before
EPHEDRINE
One of 4 ephedrine enantiomers; component of many decongestant
mixtures
Pseudoephedrine
Similar to epinephrine but are less
potent and more resistant to MAO
and COMT
Pseudoephedrine/Ephedrine
Direct acting ALPHA agonist
XYLOMETAZOLINE, OXYMETAZOLINE
Topical decongestant
XYLOMETAZOLINE, OXYMETAZOLINE
Non-selective adrenergic agonist
EPINEPHRINE
Treatment of anaphylaxis; vasoconstrictor, used in nasal
packs to control epistaxis or
nosebleed
EPINEPHRINE
Also called as noradrenaline
NOREPINEPHRINE
Increases peripheral resistance and both diastolic and
systolic BP and mean arterial pressure
NOREPINEPHRINE
Activates BETA 1-receptors
(equipotent to epinephrine) and
ALPHA-receptors (slightly less
potent than epinephrine), has little
activity to BETA 2-receptors
NOREPINEPHRINE
Adrenergic agonist
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE
Common component in OTC
appetite suppressants
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE
Blocks reuptake of epinephrine
COCAINE
Used during nasopharyngeal
surgery
COCAINE
Long-term outpatient therapy of hypertension
Hydralazine; Minoxidil
Parenteral to treat hypertensive emergencies
Diazoxide; Sodium nitroprusside
Used in both circumstances (hypertensive emergencies & Long-term outpatient therapy of hypertension)
Calcium channel blockers
Used Mainly in angina
Nitroglycerin
Also used as vasodilator
Angiotensin receptor
blocking agents, ACE Inhibitors
Directly relaxes the arterioles
mediated by increasing K efflux
and decreasing Ca influx
HYDRALAZINE
Treatment of hypertension in
pregnant women
HYDRALAZINE
Opens K channels of vascular
smooth muscles by minoxidil
sulfate (active metabolite) →
decrease chance for contraction →
relaxation of the arterioles
MINOXIDIL
Antihypertensive, (when they
discovered it can cause hirsutism,)
used as topical remedy for male
pattern baldness
MINOXIDIL
Opens K channel (it
prevents vascular smooth
muscle contraction by opening
K channels and stabilizing the
membrane potential at a
resting leve)
DIAZOXIDE
DIAZOXIDE treat __________
Treat hypertensive emergencies
Converted to nitric oxide by
aldehyde reductase → increase
cGMP → relaxation of vascular
smooth muscles → vasodilation
NITROGLYCERIN
Anti-angina
NITROGLYCERIN
Toxicity: Accumulation of cyanide and thiocyanate
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE
Powerful parenteral vasodilator
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE
Inhibits calcium influx into arterial
smooth muscles → relaxation →
vasodilation
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
Adverse effect: Dry cough (due to bradykinin and
substance P), acute renal failure hyperkalemia, and
angioedema
ACE INHIBITORS
Inhibits converting enzyme
peptidyl dipeptidase which
converts angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, a potent vasodilator
(Bradykinin)
ACE INHIBITORS
Preferred treatment of
hypertension in patients with
diabetic nephropathy
ACE INHIBITORS
Blockers of angiotensin II type 1
receptor
ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS BLOCKING AGENTS
