LESSON 12: Local Anesthetics Flashcards
induce unconsciousness to the patient
General anesthetics
patient is concious pero walang nararamdamang pain
Local anesthetics
1st local anesthetic discovered
Cocaine
Only natural local anestehti
Cocaine
1st synthetic derivative of cocaine
Procaine
Most widely used derivative of cocaine
Lidocaine
Esters
● Tetracaine (Long action)
● Procaine (Short action)
● Benzocaine, cocaine (Surface action)
Amides
● Bupivacaine, ropivacaine (Long action) ● Lidocaine (Medium action)
Often used as surface anesthesia
Benzocaine
Used in dentistry to numb gingiva
Benzocaine
Benzocaine is available as
cream, ointment, patch
Injected in surgical wound sites to reduce pain for
up to 20hrs after surgery
Bupivacaine
Bupivacaine is administered via
epidural
Also used as an Anti-arrythmic drug → reduces
rate of depolarization; Admin via epidural
Lidocaine
unstable in solution, more prone to hypersensitivity reaction; in general shorter duration of action
Ester
stable in soln; in general longer duration of action (
Amides
Metabolized in the plasma via pseudocholinesterase enzyme
AMINO ESTER
Unstable in solution
AMINO ESTER
More prone to hypersensitivity
AMINO ESTER
Shorter DOA
AMINO ESTER
Metabolized in the liver
AMINO AMIDE
Stable in solution
AMINO AMIDE
Longer DOA
AMINO AMIDE
Local anesthetics are weak __________, slightly alkaline
bases
____________(unionized/ionized) form → penetrate cell membrane →
effective
unionized
All are VASODILATORS except
Cocaine
Onset of action may be accelerated by the addition of
Sodium bicarbonate
fastest onset of action
Articaine
a racemic mixture → severe cardiovascular
toxicity, including arrhythmias and hypotension
Bupivacaine
less cardiotoxic than Bupivacaine
levobupivacaine
