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Pcol2 > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

consists of the – brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

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2
Q

consists of the – neurons located outside the brain and spinal
cord; cranial and spinal nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

involuntary

A

Autonomic

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4
Q

T/F: Brain and spinal cord are autonomic

A

True

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5
Q

“fight or
flight”

A

Sympathetic

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6
Q

T/F: autonomic nervous
system = somatic

A

True

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7
Q

Somatic

A

Voluntary

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8
Q

T/F: CNS also involves s several neurotransmitters e.g. GABA, glutamate, serotonin aside from norepinephrine and
acetylcholine

A

True

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9
Q

T/F: In CNS, Manipulating a diseased pathway
also affects healthy pathway

A

true

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10
Q

T/F: CNS drugs are NOTORIOUS for
causing side effects

A

true

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11
Q

Chemical substances produced and released by a neuron

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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12
Q

Carry information from one neuron to another

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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13
Q
  • Neurotransmission in the CNS utilizes __________ and _______ in addition to
    the neurotransmitters Ach and NE
A

chemicals and peptides

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14
Q

Major EXCITATORY neurotransmitter

A

Glutamate

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15
Q

Memory, learning, and stress response

A

Glutamate

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16
Q

Glutamate is derived from ____________ coupled by _________ channel

A

glucose; sodium (+)

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17
Q

Major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter

A

GABA

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18
Q

GABA is derived from ________; coupled by the
________channel

A

glutamate; chloride (-)

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19
Q

Thought process

A

Serotonin/ 5-HT

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20
Q

Mood, wakefulness, sleep

A

Serotonin/ 5-HT

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21
Q

Feeding behavior

A

Serotonin/ 5-HT

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22
Q

Serotonin/ 5-HT is derived rom

A

Tryptophan

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23
Q

Serotonin/ 5-HT controls

A

sensory transmission

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24
Q

Motor control (nigrostriatal pathway)

A

Dopamine

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25
Q

Behavioral effect (mesolimbic and
mesocortical pathway)

A

Dopamine

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26
Q
  • Endocrine control (tuberohypophyseal
    pathway)
A

Dopamine

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27
Q

Dopamine is usually inhibited by

A

antipsychotic drugs

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28
Q

Arousal and mood

A

Norepinephrine

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29
Q

Blood pressure regulation

A

Norepinephrine

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30
Q

Known for mimicking the sympathetic
activity

A

Norepinephrine

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31
Q

Norepinephrine is derived from

A

tyrosine

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32
Q

Norepinephrine is usually manipulated by

A

psychiatric drugs

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33
Q

Memory

A

Acetylcholine

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34
Q

Motor control

A

Acetylcholine

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35
Q

Binds to muscarinic receptor and
nicotinic recepto

A

Acetylcholine

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36
Q

Acetylcholine derived from

A

choline and acetyl-CoA

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37
Q

Wakefulness (central receptors)

A

Histamine

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38
Q

Catecholamines collective term for ___________, __________, ___________

A

serotonin, dopamine, and
norepinephrine

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39
Q

T/F: Taking antihistamines – causes drowsiness

A

true

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40
Q

T/F: CNS depressants inhibits CNS activity

A

True

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41
Q

slowing down of CNS is done by enhancing the

A

type of inhibitory neurotransmitter (GABA)

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42
Q

CNS depressant prototype

A

Alcohol (ethyl alcohol)

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43
Q

Alcohol can interfere with the __________ neurotransmitter

A

excitatory

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44
Q

Drinking alcohol results to __________ or stimulation initially

A

aggressiveness

45
Q

During the normal state (no alcohol intake), there is an
____________ mechanism in the body → prim and proper

A

inhibitory

46
Q

Early stage of drinking alcohol – it ___________
the inhibitory mechanism → aggressive

A

inhibits or depresses

47
Q

At later stage, alcohol inhibits ___________ → down
mood

A

other systems

48
Q

Primary Chemical Classes of CNS depressants

A

Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Opiates

49
Q

Opiates have __________ activity

50
Q

Insomnia

A

given with benzodiazepines

51
Q

Anxiety

A

given with benzodiazepines

52
Q

Seizure prevention

A

given with barbiturates

53
Q

Pain management

A

given with opioids

54
Q

Effect of Depressants:

A

relaxation, calming down

55
Q

T/F: are all depressants prescribed drugs

56
Q

Two types of gen anesthesia

A
  • Inhalational (Volatile)
    -Intravenous (Non-volatile)
57
Q

Isoflurane, sevoflurane, diethyl ether, nitrous oxide

A

Inhalational (Volatile)

58
Q

this type of gen anesthesia is usually accompanied by anesthesia machine

A

Inhalational (Volatile)

59
Q

Propofol, ketamine

A

example Intravenous (Non-volatile)

60
Q

used as IV anesthesia; currently being
explored for possible use for treatment for depression

61
Q

STAGES OF ANESTHESIA

A

Stage 1: Analgesia
Stage 2: Excitement
Stage 3: Surgical Anesthesia
Stage 4: Medullary Paralysis

62
Q

Conscious but drowsy, no response to painful stimuli, amnesia in
later part

A
  • Stage 1: Analgesia
63
Q

Delirious (very excited, blurting out secrets), irregular respiration,
retching, vomiting, dangerous state

A

Stage 2: Excitement

64
Q

After the effect of anesthesia, patients do not remember what they
blurted out

A

Stage 2: Excitement

65
Q

Respiration is regular but shallow, no movement

A

Stage 3: Surgical Anesthesia

66
Q

Patient is asleep, not aware of what is happening, and do not feel
pain

A

Stage 3: Surgical Anesthesia

67
Q

T/F: attains the goal (surgical anesthesia) after the surgery and makes sure the patient does NOT go into stage
4 (medullary paralysis)

A

False: before the start of

68
Q

Vasomotor and respiratory support ceases, death occurs in a few
minutes

A

Stage 4: Medullary Paralysis

69
Q
  • Induces the CNS activity
A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS

70
Q

Stimulants induces the _______

A

excitatory neurotransmitter (glutamate)

71
Q

STimulants category

A

Category 1: Convulsants and Respiratory Stimulants
Category 2: Psychomotor Stimulants
Category 3: Psychomimetic Drugs

72
Q

Doxapram, Nikethamide, Leptazol, Strychnine

A

Category 1: Convulsants and Respiratory Stimulants

73
Q

causes convulsions; also commonly used in
rats

A

Strychnine

74
Q

Amphetamine, Caffeine, Cocaine

A
  • Category 2: Psychomotor Stimulants
75
Q

common recreational drugs;
illegal in the PH

A

Amphetamine and cocaine

76
Q

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), Phencyclidine, Cannabinoids
(THC)

A

Category 3: Psychomimetic Drugs

77
Q

marijuana, mary jane (street name)

A

Cannabinoids

78
Q

Methoxyflurane is a __________ anesthesia

A

inhalational anesthesia

79
Q

Jar with wire mesh (elevated)

80
Q

T/F: Drop jar is used to administer the inhalational anesthesia

81
Q

formerly the mainstay of treatment to sedate
patients or to induce and maintain sleep

A

PENTOBARBITAL SODIUM

82
Q

C11H17N2NaO3

A

PENTOBARBITAL SODIUM

83
Q

Sedative, anxiolytic, hypnotic

A

PENTOBARBITAL SODIUM

84
Q

PENTOBARBITAL SODIUM is largely replaced by ___________

A

benzodiazepines

85
Q

T/F: Phenobarbital Na can induce
tolerance, drug metabolizing enzymes, and physical dependence
and are associated with a very severe withdrawal syndrome

86
Q

Phento Na indication

A

: Anesthesia, insomnia, seizure disorders

87
Q

Pheno Na is a _________ depressant CNS effect including
sedation, relief of anxiety, amnesia, hypnosis, anesthesia

A

Dose-dependent

88
Q

Pheno Na is a _________ depressant CNS effect including
_________, _________, ________, __________, ________

A

sedation, relief of anxiety, amnesia, hypnosis, anesthesia

89
Q

Pheno Na Binds to specific _________ receptor subunits at CNS neuronal synapses
_____________ duration of GABA-mediated _______ ion channel opening

A

GABA; increasing; chloride

90
Q
  • Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs
A

BARBITURATES

91
Q

short acting barbiturates

A

Pentobarbital (parent compound)
Pentobarbital sodium (C11H17N2NaO3) –
Secobarbital
Amobarbital

92
Q

ultra short-acting barbiturates

A

Thiopental

93
Q

long-acting barbiturates

A

Phenobarbital

94
Q

CONVULSANT AND RESPIRATORY STIMULANT

A

STRYCHNINE

95
Q

STRYCHNINE is from the seeds of the

A

Indian tree (Strychnos nux-vomica)

96
Q

t/f: Strychnine is poison from vermins

97
Q

Strychnine : blocks __________inhibition at the receptor in the CNS &
spinal cord

A

postjunctional glycine

98
Q

Causes violent extensor spasm (voluntary muscles)

A

STRYCHNINE

99
Q

Strychnine effect

A

Risus sardonicus (aka lockjaw)

100
Q

Facial expression characterized by raised eyebrows and grinning
distortion of the face resulting from spasm of facial muscle

A

Risus sardonicus (aka lockjaw)

101
Q

treatment to strychnine

A

: Diazepam to prevent seizures

102
Q

PSYCHOMIMETIC DRUGS

A

METHYLPHENIDATE

103
Q

Anorectic, sympathomimetic actions

A

METHYLPHENIDATE

104
Q

cause excitement and
euphoria, decrease feeling of fatigue, and increase motor activity

A

Psychomimetic/ psychostimulant drugs (METHYLPHENIDATE)

105
Q

METHYLPHENIDATE indication

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - Ritalin

Adjunct therapy for obesity → anorexiant effect

106
Q

Methylphenidate Moa: Indirect acting ___________ and __________ agonist; release
biogenic amine from storage vesicles

A

dopaminergic and noradrenergic

107
Q

T/F: methylphenidate - Can be attenuated by dopamine antagonist

108
Q

Overdose treatment for methylphenidate

A

● Acidify urine
● Give antipsychotics to treat VNS (vagus nerve stimulation)
symptoms
● Alpha-receptor blocker to lower BP

109
Q

T/F: Methylphenidate’s pharmacologic effect is similar to cocaine and amphetamine, but
methylphenidate is more addicting

A

false: methylphenidate is less addicting

Pcol2 (20 decks)

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