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LBBBI15 > Lesson 9 - Respiratory Physiology > Flashcards

Lesson 9 - Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are part of the upper airways?

A

Nose, sinuses, and larynx

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2
Q

What organs are part of the lower airways?

A

Trachea, bronchi, and alveoli

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3
Q

This is the part of the respiratory system that conducts air and is not involved in gas exchange

A

Conducting zone

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4
Q

This is part of the respiratory system that is involved in gas exchange

A

Respiratory zone

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5
Q

This is the area wherein gas exchange does not occur

A

Dead space

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6
Q

The anatomic dead space holds the parts involved in the __________ zone (from the nose to the terminal bronchioles)

A

Conducting

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7
Q

The alveolar dead space is the part involved in the __________ zone that does not undergo gas exchange due to lung disease

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

The anatomic dead space and alveolar dead space combined yields the __________.

A

Physiologic Dead Space

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9
Q

What is the functional anatomic unit of the lung?

A

Bronchopulmonary segments

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10
Q

It is the main muscle involved in breathing.

A

Diaphragm

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11
Q

What shape is the diaphragm and what does it do?

A

It is dome-shaped and it separates the thorax from the abdomen.

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12
Q

During __________, the diaphragm increases the volume of the chest → intrathoracic pressure falls (becomes more negative) → air flows into the lungs

A

Inspiration

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13
Q

During __________, the diaphragm relaxes → intrathoracic pressure increases (becomes more positive) → air flows out of the lung

A

Expiration

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14
Q

These muscles are used by the body in moments of air hunger

A

Accessory muscles

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15
Q

What part of the brain is known as the respiratory center of the body?

A

Medulla oblongata

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16
Q

The respiratory system __________ blood coming from the right ventricle of the heart through the pulmonary artery

A

Oxygenates

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17
Q

It helps with the __________ of sounds.

A

Vocalization

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The respiratory system has metabolic capabilities.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Location of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) which helps in __________

A

Blood pressure regulation

20
Q

The respiratory system helps in the maintenance of the __________ balance.

A

Acid-Base

21
Q

This prevents and expels foreign objects before reaching the lungs

A

Mucociliary clearance system

22
Q

The respiratory system does this because dry air can damage the respiratory lining.

A

Humidifies air

23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The respiratory system may act as immune defense.

A

TRUE

24
Q

This is the site of gas exchange.

A

Alveoli

25
Q

This holds 96-98% of the surface area and is used for gas exchange.

A

Type I Pneumocyte

26
Q

This produces surfactant which decreases surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse.

A

Type II Pneumocyte

27
Q

What is the main component of the surfactant in Type II Pneumocyte?

A

Di-palmityl-phosphatidyl-choline

28
Q

This is also known as breathing.

A

Respiration

29
Q

What are the 5 steps in respiration?

A
  1. Pulmonary Ventilation
  2. Gas exchange of O2 and CO2
  3. Gas transport of O2 and CO2
  4. Gas exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues by diffusion
  5. Cellular respiration
30
Q

This involves the exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli

A

Pulmonary ventilation

31
Q

This involves the cellular utilization of O2 and production of CO2

A

Cellular respiration

32
Q

This is one of the most commonly used approaches to test pulmonary function

A

Spirometry

33
Q

It is the volume of air that can be expired in the first second of a forced maximal expiration

A

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)

34
Q

The FEV1 is normally 80% of the forced vital capacity.

A

FEV1/FVC = 0.8

35
Q

Which two lung volumes cannot be measured by spirometry?

A

Residual Volume (RV) & Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

36
Q

This is the volume inspired and expired in a normal breath

A

Tidal volume

37
Q

This is the volume that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume (Used in exercise)

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

38
Q

This is the volume that can be expired after the expiration of tidal volume

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

39
Q

This is the volume that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration (after ERV)

A

Residual Volume (RV)

40
Q

How is inspiratory capacity (IC) calculated?

A

TV + IRV

41
Q

How is the vital capacity (VC) calculated?

A

TV + IRV + ERV

42
Q

It is the volume that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration

A

Vital Capacity (VC)

43
Q

It is the volume in the lungs after a TV is expired

A

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

44
Q

How do you get the functional residual capacity?

A

ERV + RV

45
Q

This is referred to as the total lung volume

A

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

46
Q

What is the total lung volume?

A

6 L

LBBBI15 (10 decks)

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