Lesson 9 - Respiratory Physiology Flashcards
What organs are part of the upper airways?
Nose, sinuses, and larynx
What organs are part of the lower airways?
Trachea, bronchi, and alveoli
This is the part of the respiratory system that conducts air and is not involved in gas exchange
Conducting zone
This is part of the respiratory system that is involved in gas exchange
Respiratory zone
This is the area wherein gas exchange does not occur
Dead space
The anatomic dead space holds the parts involved in the __________ zone (from the nose to the terminal bronchioles)
Conducting
The alveolar dead space is the part involved in the __________ zone that does not undergo gas exchange due to lung disease
Respiratory
The anatomic dead space and alveolar dead space combined yields the __________.
Physiologic Dead Space
What is the functional anatomic unit of the lung?
Bronchopulmonary segments
It is the main muscle involved in breathing.
Diaphragm
What shape is the diaphragm and what does it do?
It is dome-shaped and it separates the thorax from the abdomen.
During __________, the diaphragm increases the volume of the chest → intrathoracic pressure falls (becomes more negative) → air flows into the lungs
Inspiration
During __________, the diaphragm relaxes → intrathoracic pressure increases (becomes more positive) → air flows out of the lung
Expiration
These muscles are used by the body in moments of air hunger
Accessory muscles
What part of the brain is known as the respiratory center of the body?
Medulla oblongata
The respiratory system __________ blood coming from the right ventricle of the heart through the pulmonary artery
Oxygenates
It helps with the __________ of sounds.
Vocalization
TRUE OR FALSE: The respiratory system has metabolic capabilities.
TRUE
Location of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) which helps in __________
Blood pressure regulation
The respiratory system helps in the maintenance of the __________ balance.
Acid-Base
This prevents and expels foreign objects before reaching the lungs
Mucociliary clearance system
The respiratory system does this because dry air can damage the respiratory lining.
Humidifies air
TRUE OR FALSE: The respiratory system may act as immune defense.
TRUE
This is the site of gas exchange.
Alveoli
This holds 96-98% of the surface area and is used for gas exchange.
Type I Pneumocyte
This produces surfactant which decreases surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse.
Type II Pneumocyte
What is the main component of the surfactant in Type II Pneumocyte?
Di-palmityl-phosphatidyl-choline
This is also known as breathing.
Respiration
What are the 5 steps in respiration?
- Pulmonary Ventilation
- Gas exchange of O2 and CO2
- Gas transport of O2 and CO2
- Gas exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues by diffusion
- Cellular respiration
This involves the exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli
Pulmonary ventilation
This involves the cellular utilization of O2 and production of CO2
Cellular respiration
This is one of the most commonly used approaches to test pulmonary function
Spirometry
It is the volume of air that can be expired in the first second of a forced maximal expiration
Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)
The FEV1 is normally 80% of the forced vital capacity.
FEV1/FVC = 0.8
Which two lung volumes cannot be measured by spirometry?
Residual Volume (RV) & Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
This is the volume inspired and expired in a normal breath
Tidal volume
This is the volume that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume (Used in exercise)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
This is the volume that can be expired after the expiration of tidal volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
This is the volume that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration (after ERV)
Residual Volume (RV)
How is inspiratory capacity (IC) calculated?
TV + IRV
How is the vital capacity (VC) calculated?
TV + IRV + ERV
It is the volume that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration
Vital Capacity (VC)
It is the volume in the lungs after a TV is expired
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
How do you get the functional residual capacity?
ERV + RV
This is referred to as the total lung volume
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
What is the total lung volume?
6 L
