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LBBBI15 > Lesson 4 - Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Lesson 4 - Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important functions of the kidney?

A

Ability to maintain the stability of the ECF volume, electrolyte composition, and osmolarity

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2
Q

What is the percentage of water concentration in the body?

A

60%

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3
Q

Give the breakdown of water concentration in the body.

A

40% intracellular fluid
20% extracellular fluid = 15% interstitial fluid + 5% plasma

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4
Q

Where is the kidney located and situated in?

A

Located along T12-L3 and situated in the retroperitoneum

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5
Q

What are the outer and inner divisions of the kidney called?

A

Renal Cortex and Renal Medulla, respectively

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6
Q

Formed urine exits the kidney through the _________, into the _________, and is stored in the _________.

A

Renal pelvis, ureter, and urinary bladder

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7
Q

What are the functions of the kidney? (Maintenance, Production, Elimination, and Conversion)

A

Maintenance of:
- H2O
- Osmolarity
- Electrolytes
- Plasma volume
- Acid-base balance

Production of:
- Erythropoietin
- Renin

Elimination of:
- Waste products
- Drugs

Conversion of:
- Vitamin D into its active form

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8
Q

What is the unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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9
Q

What are the two major types of nephrons?

A
  1. Cortical nephrons
  2. Juxtamedullary nephrons
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10
Q

Nephrons are made up of what 3 components?

A
  1. Vascular component
  2. Tubular component
  3. Combined component
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11
Q

This nephron is located in the renal cortex; has shorter Loops of Henle; has peritubular capillaries

A

Cortical Nephron

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12
Q

This nephron makes up 25% of nephrons; is located in the corticomedullary junction; has longer Loops of Henle; has vasa recta

A

Juxtamedullary Nephron

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13
Q

This carries blood to the glomerulus

A

Afferent arteriole

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14
Q

It is a tuft of capillaries that filters plasma into the tubular component

A

Glomerulus

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15
Q

It carries blood away from the glomerulus

A

Efferent arteriole

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16
Q

Involved in the exchange of substances with the fluid in the tubular component

A

Peritubular capillaries

17
Q

Serves as an osmotic exchange for the concentration of urine

A

Vasa recta

18
Q

Collects the glomerular filtrate

A

Boman’s capsule

19
Q

How much glucose must be reabsorbed?

A

100% Glucose

20
Q

Loop of Henle: The descending limb is permeable to _________; the ascending limb is permeable to _________

A

Water and solutes, respectively

21
Q

What happens in the distal tubule?

A
  • Reabsorption of Na
  • Secretion of H+
  • Reabsorption and secretion of K
22
Q

What are the basic steps in urine formation?

A
  1. Glomerular Filtration
  2. Tubular Reabsorption
  3. Tubular Secretion
  4. Excretion
23
Q

It is the process of expelling urine

A

Micturition

24
Q

Micturition is initiated by a nervous reflex that causes the contraction of the _________

A

Detrusor muscle

25
Q

What is the average volume of urine?

A

0.5 - 1.5 mL/kg/hour

26
Q

After examination, a patient is revealed to have nitrite but no leukocyte esterase. What can you conclude?

A

The condition must be treated as UTI.

27
Q

After examination, a patient is revealed to have no nitrite but has leukocyte esterase. What can you conclude?

A

Patient has urine culture; treat if with symptoms

28
Q

End product of bilirubin metabolism

A

Urobilinogen

29
Q

What are the normal levels of proteinuria and albuminuria?

A

Proteinuria: <150 mg/day
Albuminuria: <30 mg/day

30
Q

This disease is caused by low reabsorption at proximal tube.

A

Fanconi syndrome

31
Q

What is the normal range of pH in urine?

A

pH 5.5 - pH 6.5

32
Q

Presence of blood cells in urine

A

Hematuria

33
Q

Most common type of stone linked to high consumption of food high in oxalate

A

Calcium oxalate

34
Q

Caused by hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, or UTI

A

Calcium Phosphate

35
Q

Result of certain types of UTI

A

Struvite

36
Q

Occur in people who don’t drink enough water or have a diet high in animal protein

A

Uric Acid

37
Q

Caused by a genetic disorder called cystinuria —> excessive cystine in urine

A

Cystine

38
Q

Urinary casts are formed from an aggregation of proteins called ___________.

A

Tamm-Horsfall proteins

LBBBI15 (10 decks)

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