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LBBBI15 > Lesson 3 - Blood Physiology > Flashcards

Lesson 3 - Blood Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How many liters of blood is in the human body?

A

Approximately 5 L

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2
Q

This is made up of cellular and extracellular elements

A

Blood

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3
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A
  1. Carries oxygen and nutrients to living cells and removes waste products
  2. Immunity
  3. Homeostasis
  4. Distribution of heat
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4
Q

What are the colors of blood?

A

Oxygenated - Bright red
Deoxygenated - Dark red

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5
Q

What is the normal pH range of blood?

A

pH 7.35 - pH 7.45

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6
Q

True or False: Blood contains numerous buffers to help regulate pH

A

True

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7
Q

This occurs in the red marrow within the spaces of cancellous (spongy) bone tissue

A

Hematopoiesis

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8
Q

In children, where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

Medullary cavity of long bones

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9
Q

Where does extra-medullary hematopoiesis occur?

A

Outside the medullary cavity

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10
Q

What organs maintain their ability to generate the formed elements throughout adulthood?

A

Liver and spleen

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11
Q

All of the formed elements of blood originate from this specific type of cell

A

Hematopoietic stem cell

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12
Q

These induce the HSC to divide and differentiate

A

Hematopoietic growth factors

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13
Q

What are the two types of hematopoietic stem cells?

A
  1. Lymphoid stem cells
  2. Myeloid stem cells
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14
Q

What do lymphoid stem cells give rise to?

A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q

Lymphocytes include what type of cells?

A

T cells, B cells, and Natural Killer (NK) Cells

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16
Q

What do Myeloid stem cells give rise to?

A

Formed elements: Erythrocytes, Megakaryocytes, Granular Leukocytes, and Monocytes

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17
Q

What are the three granular leukocytes?

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

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18
Q

This is the liquid component of blood

A

Plasma - 55%

19
Q

The most abundant of the plasma proteins

A

Albumin

20
Q

Most common formed element which functions to carry hemoglobin

A

Erythrocytes

21
Q

Describe the erythrocytes

A

Biconcave in shape due to the lack of organelles which allows them to squeeze through capillaries and facilitate gas exchange

22
Q

The volume of red blood cells relative to whole blood

A

Hematocrit

23
Q

A major component of the body’s defenses against disease

A

Leukocytes

24
Q

True or false: Erythrocytes have shorter lifespan than leukocytes

A

False - Leukocytes have shorter lifespan than that of erythrocytes

25
Q

Defensive functions in the body’s tissues

A
  1. Margination - move towards endothelial wall
  2. Rolling - rolling motion towards site of injury
  3. Adhesion - attachment to the endothelium
  4. Diapedesis - leaving the capillaries
  5. Chemotaxis - movement to the site of injury
26
Q

What are the two groups of leukocytes?

A

Granular leukocytes and agranular leukocytes

27
Q

This type of leukocyte is a rapid responder to the site of infection and is an efficient phagocyte with a preference for bacteria

A

Neutrophils

28
Q

This type of leukocyte includes antihistamine molecules and is also capable of phagocytosis

A

Eosinophils

29
Q

This type of leukocyte plays a role in allergic reactions and contains histamine

A

Basophils

30
Q

This is essential for the repair of blood vessels when damage has occured

A

Thrombocytes or platelets

31
Q

These mature into platelets

A

Megakaryocytes

32
Q

How many days to platelets remain before they get phagocytized by macrophages?

A

10 days

33
Q

What are the 4 steps in the physiological mechanisms that stop bleeding?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Primary Hemostasis/Formation of Loose Platelet Plug
  3. Secondary Hemostasis/Blood Coagulation
  4. Resolution
34
Q

What triggers vasoconstriction?

A

Myogenic spasm and the production of Endothelin-1

35
Q

Mediated by vWF of ruptured blood vessels and Gp1b of platelets

A

Platelet Adhesion

36
Q

Platelets change shape

A

Platelet Activation

37
Q

Mediated by fibrinogen and Gp2b-3a of platelets

A

Platelet Aggregation

38
Q

At which factors do the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways begin?

A

Factor 12 and factor 7, respectively.

39
Q

What is the common pathway?

A

Factor X

40
Q

Has A antigens with anti-B antibodies

A

Blood Group A

41
Q

Has no antigens, but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

A

Blood Group O

42
Q

Has B antigens with anti-A antibodies

A

Blood Group B

43
Q

Has both A and B antigens with no antibodies

A

Blood Group AB

LBBBI15 (10 decks)

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