Lesson 5 - Muscle Physiology Flashcards
This type of muscle controls movement, posture, and protection
Skeletal muscle
This type of muscle encompasses the heart
Cardiac muscle
This type of muscle has varying functions in the gastrointestinal, reproductive, urinary, vascular, and respiratory systems
Smooth muscles
Striated due to the presence of actin and myosin
Skeletal muscle
Non-striated
Smooth muscle
Striated with the presence of intercalated discs
Cardiac muscles
What are the functions of skeletal muscles?
- Locomotion and breathing
- Postural support
- Protection
- Communication (facial muscles)
- Eating (muscles of mastication)
- Heat production (shivering)
A term used for muscle cells
Myocytes
The cell membrane of a muscle is…
Sarcolemma
The cytoplasm of a muscle is referred to as ___________
Sarcoplasm
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Muscle fibers are also called
Myofibrils
Myofibrils are wrapped together by a connective tissue called _____________
Endomysium
Individual bundles of muscle fibers are called ____________
Fascicle
A single fascicle is surrounded by ______________
Perimysium
Multiple fascicles are bundled by ______________
Epimysium
Muscles are bound to the bone through ______________
Tendons
Undifferentiated cells that give rise to myocytes
Myoblasts
The unit of a muscle is ______________
Sarcomere
What are the two types of myofilaments that make up sarcomeres?
Actin and Myosin
These are thin filaments that are also called the I-bands.
Actin
These are thick filaments that are also called the A-bands.
Myosin
What is the RMP of Muscle Action Potential?
-90 mV, producing a single muscle twitch
What is the RMP of Nerve Action Potential?
-70 mV, having a velocity much faster than in muscle action potential
True or False: When one motor neuron stimulates several muscle fibers, an action potential from this single motor neuron will stimulate ALL the muscle fibers it innervates
True
This assists in the events of cross-bridge cycling that drives muscle contraction.
Calcium
True or False: Without excitation there is NO contraction
True
Single stimulus which is followed by a latent period, contraction, period, and relaxation period
Single twitch
Additive effect of frequent stimuli and contractions to produce increased muscle tension
Summation
Muscle tension is at a maximum and will not increase even with repeated stimulus
Tetanus
Lack of response due to prolonged or strong stimulations
Muscle fatigue
