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LBBBI15 > Lesson 7 - Reflexes and Reaction Time > Flashcards

Lesson 7 - Reflexes and Reaction Time Flashcards

1
Q

Is reaction time voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary, unlike reflexes

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2
Q

Reaction time is considerably more complex than reflexes as they involve __________

A

Higher brain functions

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3
Q

Where does the delay for reaction time occur?

A

At the synapses between the different neurons involved

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4
Q

What are the factors that affect reaction time?

A
  1. Age (+/-)
  2. Arousal (Fastest with intermediate level)
  3. Distraction (Increases with reaction time)
  4. Gender (Males generally have faster reaction times than females)
  5. Practice (More practice decreases reaction time)
  6. Errors (More errors lead to slower reaction times)
  7. Fatigue (More fatigue leads to slower reaction times)
  8. Punishment (-)
  9. Drugs (Stimulants decrease reaction; depressants increase reaction time)
  10. Warnings (Reaction time is faster with warning)
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5
Q

It is an instantaneous response to a stimulus.

A

Reflex

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6
Q

Are reflexes voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

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7
Q

A reflex occurs via neural pathways in the nervous system known as __________

A

Neural Arcs

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8
Q

What are the steps in reflexes?

A
  1. Receptors detect a change
  2. Sensory neurons carry information to the CNS
  3. The CNS processes the sensory information
  4. Motor neurons then send the information from the CNS to effector organs (ex: skeletal muscles)
  5. The effector organ then produces a response appropriate to the stimulus that is perceived (for example pulling your hand away when you actually touch a sharp object)
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9
Q

These are produced via single synapses between sensory axon and motor neurons.

A

Spinal reflexes

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10
Q

This is the place where neurons connect and communicate with each other.

A

Synapse

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11
Q

These are nerve cells that communicate information to the CNS and the rest of the body

A

Neurons

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12
Q

This type of neurons help perceive a stimulus.

A

Sensory neurons

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13
Q

This type of neurons are for coordinating an action.

A

Motor neurons

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14
Q

This is a part of the neuron that carries information to and from the spinal cord.

A

Axon

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15
Q

How many neurons do spinal reflexes use and what are they?

A

Two neurons: sensory and motor

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16
Q

What are the different types of spinal reflexes?

A
  1. Stretch (myotatic) reflex
  2. Golgi tendon reflex
  3. Crossed extensor reflex
  4. Withdrawal reflex
17
Q

This refers to the contraction of a muscle in response to its passive stretching

A

Muscle stretch reflexes

18
Q

Where is the cell body of the sensory axon located to illicit a patellar reflex?

A

Dorsal root ganglion in the lumbar region of the spinal cord (L2 to L4)

19
Q

This is also known as the nociceptive flexion reflex

A

Withdrawal reflex

20
Q

Withdrawal reflex is important in __________ from harmful stimuli.

A

Protecting the body

21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Flexor muscles are stimulated, causing the flexion of your leg towards the stimulus.

A

FALSE: Away from the stimulus*

22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: There is an opposite reaction in the opposite leg to enhance postural support.

A

TRUE

23
Q

This is more complex than a regular myotatic reflex.

A

Pupillary reflex

24
Q

Pupillary reflex involves:

A
  1. Additional cells
  2. Interneurons
  3. Four neurons
25
Q

These are neurons that help in integration of sensory information and motor activity

A

Interneurons

26
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Pupillary reflex results in a shorter delay between stimulus perception.

A

FALSE: Longer delay*

27
Q

Pupillary constriction is referred to as __________.

A

Miosis

28
Q

Pupillary dilatation is referred to as __________.

A

Mydriasis

29
Q

This is characterized by rapid dilation of the ipsilateral pupil (by 1 to 2 mm) with a painful or startling stimulus

A

Ciliospinal reflex

30
Q

Contact with the cornea initiates 2 reflexes. What are they?

A
  1. Blink (corneal) reflex
  2. Tear production
31
Q

This is also known as the oculocephalic reflex or the doll’s eye reflex

A

Auditocephalogyric reflex

32
Q

Auditocephalogyric reflex is used to test what?

A
  1. Cranial Nerves III, VI, and VIII
  2. Overall brainstem function
33
Q

The gag reflex is also known as the __________.

A

Pharyngeal reflex

34
Q

It is an involuntary reflex involving bilateral pharyngeal muscle contraction and the elevation of the soft palate.

A

Gag reflex

35
Q

The gag reflex test is performed to test which cranial nerves?

A

CN IX and X

36
Q

What is the function of the gag reflex?

A

It attempts to eliminate foreign objects from the oral cavity.

37
Q

This has receptor organs in the skin rather than in muscle fibers

A

Skin reflex arcs

38
Q

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

A __________ plantar reflex is called the __________ and is a sign of a disease of the __________ (corticospinal tract)

A

Positive; Babinski sign; Pyramidal

LBBBI15 (10 decks)

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