Lesson 9 (AMERICA)

Question 1

When was the bill of rights in the US?

Answer 1

1791

Question 2

What did the Bill of Rights include?

Answer 2

First 10 amendments to the US constitution

Question 3

13th amendment?

Answer 3

ended slavery

Question 4

14th amendment

Answer 4

gave citizenship to all people born or naturalised in the US

Question 5

What does naturalised to the US mean?

Answer 5

Not born in the US

but you’ve become a citizen

through the legal process

Question 6

What are originalists?

Answer 6

People who interpret the laws in the way they were originally intended e.g. when it might say men, we might today think of that as men AND women, but, an originalist would only think of it as men

Question 7

What was the Plessey vs Ferguson case?

Answer 7

Case for the Supreme Court

said segregation by race was constitutional

Question 8

Entrenched rights

Answer 8

Rights explicitly mentioned in the Constitution that are protected by the amendment process

This means they can’t be easily changed

Question 9

Article 3 of the Constitution

Answer 9

Established the Supreme Court

Question 10

Bill of Rights’ First Amendment?

Answer 10

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition the government for a redress of grievances

Question 11

Bill of Rights’ Second Amendment?

Answer 11

Right to keep and bear arms

Question 12

Bill of Rights’ third amendment?

Answer 12

Right not to have military troops quartered in private homes

Question 13

Bill of Rights’ Fourth Amendment?

Answer 13

Right not to have unreasonable searches and seizures

Question 14

Bill of Rights’ Fifth Amendment?

Answer 14

Right of people accused of a crime

Question 15

Bill of Rights’ Sixth Amendment?

Answer 15

Right to a fair trial

Question 16

Bill of Rights’ Seventh Amendment?

Answer 16

Right to a trial by jury in common law suits over a certain vslue

Question 17

Bill of Rights’ Eighth Amendment?

Answer 17

Right to not face excessive bails or fines

nor cruel or unusual punishment

Question 18

Enumerate

Answer 18

mention

Question 19

Bill of Rights’ Ninth Amendment?

Answer 19

Rights that are not enumerated by the Constitution

are still held by the people

and are protected

Question 20

Bill of Rights’ Tenth Amendment?

Answer 20

Rights of the states to retain powers

that are not delegated to the federal government

by the Constitution

Question 21

Order of which laws are the most powerful? ( Congress and Supreme Court)

Answer 21

Most powerful:

Supreme Court judgments + Court amendments

Least powerful:

Legislation passed by Congress

Question 22

Landmark ruling

Answer 22

a judgment by the Supreme Court

that changes the way in which the Court is interpreted

Question 23

What do many landmark civil rights judgments focus on?

Answer 23

the 14th amendment

and the ‘equal protection’ clause

Question 24

Shelley vs Kraemer

Answer 24

1948

Restrictions banning the sale of homes to black people were ruled unconstitutional

Question 25

Brown v Board of Education of Topeka

Answer 25

1954

Right if students to not be segregated by race

Question 26

Griswold v Connecticut

Answer 26

1965

Right to use contraceptives within marriage

(states could no longer ban this)

Question 27

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 27

1966

Right of suspects to be informed of their Fifth Amendment rights

before being questioned by the police

Question 28

Loving v Virgina

Answer 28

1967

State laws on interracial marriage were declared unconstitutional

Question 29

Roe v Wade

Answer 29

1973

Right to an abortion in the first two trimesters of pregnancy

Question 30

Regents of University of California v Bakke (1978)

Answer 30

Affirmative action in university application processes

could be constitutional

in certain circumstances

Question 31

Lawrence v Texas

Answer 31

2003

Right to engage in private consensual homosexual sex between adults

(prior to this some states had anti - sodomy laws)

Question 32

Obergefell v Hodges

Answer 32

2015

Right of same - sex couple to marry

Question 33

Masterpiece Cakeshop v Colorado Civil Rights Commission

Answer 33

2018

Right of a business owner to refuse to service a customer based on religious views

(in this case, a baker who refused to bake a cake for a gay couple on the basis of religion)

Question 34

Altitude Express v Zarda

Answer 34

2020

Eight of employees to not be discrimated against for sexual orientation

Question 35

R.G and G.R Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v Equal Opportunity Employment Commission

Answer 35

2020

Rights of employees to not be discriminated against for being transgender

Question 36

Espinosa v Montana Department of Revenue

Answer 36

2020

Right of parents to access state aid

to send their children to private religious schools

( Court ruled state aid couldn’t be denied just because the school was religious)