LESSON 9

Question 1

the degree to which changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the independent variable

Answer 1

internal validity

Question 2

this exists when study results are attributed to the experimental treatment

Answer 2

selection bias

Question 3

this ‘‘occurs when some events besides the experimental treatment takes place’’ during the course of the study affects or influences the dependent

Answer 3

history

Question 4

takes place when ‘‘changes within the subjects occur’’ during the experimental study

Answer 4

maturation

Question 5

this refers to the influence of the pre-test which already projects the result of the post test scores

Answer 5

testing

Question 6

the ‘‘existence of a difference between pre-test and post test’’ results caused by change in the accuracy

Answer 6

instrumentation change

Question 7

this happens when a ‘‘difference exists between the subject dropout rates’’ of either the experimental group and the control group

Answer 7

mortality

Question 8

this degree to which study results can be ‘‘influenced or affected by external factors or population and settings’’

Answer 8

external validity

Question 9

occurs when study participants ‘‘respond in a particular manner or there is obvious change of behavior’’

Answer 9

hawthorne effect

Question 10

a ‘‘threat to the study’’ which results when the researcher’s behavior influences the behavior of the subjects

Answer 10

experimental effect

Question 11

the ‘‘subjects have been sensitized to the treatment’’ by taking the pre-test and thereafter influence the post test results

Answer 11

reactive effect of the pre test

Question 12

the tendency of the researcher to ‘‘rate the subject high or low’’ because of the impression

Answer 12

halo effect