Lesson 9 Flashcards
refers to the use of drugs or chemicals to treat or prevent diseases caused by infectious organisms
Chemotherapy
In popular usage, we associate the term chemotherapy with drug treatment of
cancer
Drugs used for chemotherapy are generally called?
Chemotherapeutic agents, anti-infective agents
It is the propertyof substances of being more harmful to certain living organisms but not to others
Selective toxicity
a natural or synthetic drug that acts against one or more types of microorganisms
anti-microbial
refers strictly to a substance produced by various species of microorganisms inhibiting the growth of another microorganisms
antibiotic
include not only those that are naturally produced but also those that are partly or fully synthesized in pharmaceutical laboratories
antibiotics
The drug is capable of killing bacterial organisms at clinically achievable concentrations
bacteriocidal
Inhibition of growth after the antibiotic level falls off below the MIC
post-antibiotic effect
The lowest concentration or dilution of drugs that sterilizes the medium or results in a 99.9% decline in bacterial count
minimum bacteriocidal concentration
lowest dilution of drug that prevents visible growth in broth or agar after 18 – 24 hours of incubation
minimum inhibitory concentration
drug, at clinically achievable concentrations, inhibits bacterial growth but does not kill the organisms
bacteriostatic
An antibacterial agent which cause dissolution of bacterial cells
bacteriolytic
Inhibit bacterial growth and replication
bacteriostatic
Bacteriocidal that require active multiplication of bacteria to be effective
penicillins, cephalosphorins
more prone to causing superinfections because they may kill off normal bacterial flora which normally inhibits pathogens
bacteriocidal
These drugs are against gram + cocci and bacilli
- natural penicillins
- semi-synthetic penicillins
- macrolides
- lincosamides
- vancomycin and bacitracin
drugs against gran negative bacilli
- aminoglycosides
- polymyxins
How does the DRUG ACTS ON PATHOGEN
Eradication, inhibition of growth, selective pressure
How does the PATHOGEN ACTS ON DRUG
Inactivation of the drug, drug resistance
How does the DRUGS ACT ON THE HOST
Toxicity, allergy, biological alteration, immunosuppression
How does HOST ACTS ON DRUG
Excretion and biotransformation
How does PATHOGEN ACTS ON HOST
Causes the diseases
How does the HOST ACTS ON PATHOGEN
Immune mechanisms eliminates the pathogen and resolves the diseases
