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ZZ3 Clinical Pharma > Lesson 6 > Flashcards

Lesson 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the plasma proteins rapidly inactivate coagulation proteins once they are release from injured vessels?

A
  1. α – 1 antitrypsin
  2. α – 2 macroglobulin
  3. α – 2 antiplasmin
  4. antithrombin
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2
Q

It occurs when activated coagulation factors overwhelm the fibrin – inhibitory proteins, such massive tissue injury, cardiovascular shock and bacterial sepsis

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

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3
Q

2 ways to inhibit fibrin formation

A
  1. plasma proteins
  2. action of thrombin
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4
Q

Fibrinolysis is mediated by

A

plasmin

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5
Q

Synthesized by streptococcal organisms

A

streptokinase and streptodornase

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6
Q

Prepared from culture of human renal cells

A

urikinase

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7
Q

Streptokinase, Streptodornase, and Urikinase are used in trteatments of wounds that do not respond to?

A

a. Antibacterial therapy
b. Burns
c. Ulcers,
d. Chronic eczemas
e. Ear hematomas,
f. Otitis externa,
g. Osteomyelitis,
h. Chronic sinusitis
i. And other chronic lesions

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8
Q

fibrinolytic agents are available as what form of drug for local or systemic administration

A

powder

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9
Q

It activates plasminogen bound to fibrin and its use should be limited to case of thrombosis (rather than prevention)

A

tissue plasminogen activator

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10
Q

indicated for emergency treatment in cases of acute – hemorrhagic syndrome due to deficiency of clotting factors and in
thrombocytopenia

A

Normal blood (Fresh serum)

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11
Q

It inhibits or interferes with the roles of vitamin k synthesis of active clotting factors

A

coumarin anti–coagulants, bishydroxy-coumarin, warfarin

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12
Q

Utilization of Vit K in the synthesis of the clotting factors is impaired in …….

A

liver disease

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13
Q

used as an antidote to coumarin group of anticoagulants and to prevent hemorrhage secondary to liver failure

A

Vitamin k

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14
Q

Vitamin K is not effective in countering?

A

heparin – induced anticoagulation

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15
Q

the only natural vitamin K available for
therapeutics use that can be given orally or parenterally

A

Vitamin K1 (Phyloquinone or phylotonadione)

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16
Q

A natural metabolite of gut microorganisms

A

Vitamin K2 (menaquinone)

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17
Q

form of Vit k absorbed too slow to be used
effectively in acute conditions, but it can be used for chronic therapy once the acute crisis has been resolved

A

vitamin k3 (menadione)

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18
Q

A low molecular weight protein found in certain fish

A

protamine sulfate

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19
Q

It forms stable salt with acidic heparin, and is used only to antagonize heparin-induced hemorrhages

A

protamine sulfate

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20
Q

A synthetic analogue of vasopressin used to treat central diabetes insipidus

A

desmopressin

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21
Q

Local or tropical hemostatic drugs may be classified as:

A

1.Clotting factors
2.Artificial matrices
3.Astringents, and
4.Local vasoconstrictors

22
Q
A
23
Q

An intact hemostatic mechanism is necessary for their efficacy

A

Lyophilized concentrates

24
Q

Examples of Lyophilized concentrates of one or more clotting factors

A
  1. Thromboplastin
  2. Thrombin, and
  3. Fibrinogen
25
Q

Examples of artificial matrices include

A
  1. Absorbable gelatin sponge and
  2. Oxidized cellulose
26
Q

absorbable products and are indicated for capillary oozing from small
superficial vessels

A

Lyophilized concentrates

27
Q

Act locally by precipitating proteins

A

astringents

28
Q

These agents do not penetrate tissues and
thus are restricted to surface cells and can be damaging to surrounding tissues

A

astringents

29
Q

examples of astringents

A
  1. Ferric sulfate
  2. Silver nitrate and
  3. Combinations that include tannic acid
30
Q

They are hemostatic drugs by virtue of their vasoconstrictive effects, included for topical medications to decrease blood flow to the tissues

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

31
Q

Used as a local hemostatic in surgery and available as spray or direct application in
sponge

A

Thromboplastin USP

32
Q

a local hemostatic applied directly to hemorrhagic area

A

fibrin foam

33
Q

Absorbs blood several times its weight and is applied on bleeding area following
closure of surgical wound

A

absorbable gelatin sponge USP

34
Q

a local hemostatic used for capillary of venous bleeding

A

absorbable gelatin sponge USP

35
Q

Absorbable gelatin sponge USP liquefies in 3-5 days and is absorbed in?

A

4-6 weeks

36
Q

A local hemostatic used as temporary packing of bleeding points

A

Oxidized cellulose USP

37
Q

interfere directly or indirectly with the clotting cascade

A

anti-coagulants

38
Q

An anti-coagulant that DO NOT act by effectively removing Ca2+ from the cascade system

A

Heparin

39
Q

2 systemic anti-coagulants

A
  1. Heparin sodium
  2. Vitamin K antagonists
40
Q

It is a mixture of polysulfated glycosaminoglycans

A

heparin sodium

41
Q

Give three locations where heparin is stored.

A
  1. Mast cells
  2. Basophils
  3. Vascular endothelium
42
Q

Clinical uses of Heparin

A
  1. Prevent and treat venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
  2. anti-coagulant in blood transfusion
43
Q

Heparin facilitates ______ by binding to _______

A

serine proteinase inhibitor Antithrombin III (ATIII); aminolysyl residues of heparin cofactor II (HCII)

44
Q

Are of toxicological importance in veterinary medicine but some are used as systemic anti-coagulants in human patients

A

Vitamin K antagonists

45
Q

Vitamin K antagonists absorbed in the gut and are 90% protein-bound

A

Warfarin, bishydroxycoumarin

46
Q

Other preparations of Vitamin K antagonists aside from bishydroxycoumarin and warfarin

A
  1. 4 – hydroxycoumarin
  2. Phenprocoumon
  3. Acenocoumarol
  4. Dicoumarol
  5. Indan – 1
  6. 3 – dione,
  7. Anisindione
47
Q

What are some anti - coagulants for blood samples for laboratory examination

A
  1. sodium oxalate
  2. sodium citrate
  3. edetate disodium
  4. heparin sodium
48
Q

What are some anti-coagulants for blood transfusion?

A
  1. Sodium citrate solution
  2. Acid citrate dextrose (ACD) solution
49
Q

increase the activity of plasmin, the endogenous compound that is responsible for dissolving clots

A

Fibrinolytics

50
Q

These are drugs that control platelet activity

A

antithrombotics

51
Q

an antithrombotic that remains the α component of therapy directed toward prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis

A

aspirin

ZZ3 Clinical Pharma (11 decks)

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