Lesson 3

Question 1

complete failure of the tissues to get adequate supply of oxygen

Answer 1

anoxia

Question 2

reduce supply of oxygen, and is the more appropriate term for the usual condition accompanying respiratory disorder.

Answer 2

hypoxia

Question 3

defective oxygenation of blood in the pulmonary circuit and is usually caused by a primary disease of the respiratory tract

Answer 3

anoxic hypoxia

Question 4

deficiency of haemoglobin per unit volume of blood but the blood oxygen tension is normal

Answer 4

anemic hypoxia

Question 5

Caused by a reduction of the rate of blood flow to and from the capillaries

Answer 5

stagnant hypoxia

Question 6

Result from the failure of the tissue oxidation system in the presence of fully oxygenated blood

Answer 6

histotoxic anoxia

Question 7

depth and rate of respiratory movement increase

Answer 7

hyperpnoea

Question 8

increase number of RBC

Answer 8

polycythemia

Question 9

retention of excessive carbon dioxide in the body

Answer 9

hyper apnea

Question 10

bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membrane

Answer 10

cyanosis

Question 11

nose bleeding clinical term

Answer 11

epistaxis

Question 12

surgery required for obstruction of upper respiratory tract

Answer 12

tracheotomy

Question 13

useful only in cases of anoxia and when the respiratory tract is not completely obstructed

Answer 13

oxygen therapy

Question 14

oxygen therapy are not adopted in large animals but rather in

Answer 14

small animals

Question 15

instituted by intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) during open thoracic surgery or paralysis with a muscle relaxant drugs or poisons

Answer 15

atrificial respiration

Question 16

may be needed in certain instances such as during an overdose of certain anesthetic

Answer 16

Administration of central respiratory stimulants

Question 17

examples of central respiratory stimulants

Answer 17

pierotoxin, metrazole, nikethamide, caffeine, amphetamine, and yohembine

Question 18

a condition of hypoxia combined with hypercapnia

Answer 18

asphyxia

Question 19

drugs that increase the volume and fluidity of secretions in the respiratory tract

Answer 19

expectorants

Question 20

examples of Directly acting expectorants

Answer 20

eucalyptus, pine oil, camphor, lemon oil, potassium iodide

Question 21

examples of indirectly-acting expectorants

Answer 21

ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, potassium iodide, potassium citrate, guaifenesin

Question 22

may be administered orally or by inhalation in the form of aerosol

Answer 22

directly acting expectorants

Question 23

administered orally, cause irritation of the nerve endings in the stomach and thereby provoke a mild vomiting reflex

Answer 23

indirectly acting expectorant

Question 24

Liquefy hardened respiratory debris for easier expectoration

Answer 24

mucolytics

Question 25

examples of mucolytics

Answer 25

acetylcysteine (carbocysteine)

Question 26

Constrict blood vessels in mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract thereby decreasing their leakiness

Answer 26

a Adrenergic stimulants

Question 27

most effective route of a Adrenergic stimulants

Answer 27

direct instillation by way of external nares

Question 28

examples of a Adrenergic drugs

Answer 28

phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, oxymethazoline, propylhexedrine, tuaminoheptane

Question 29

use in preventing excessive respiratory secretions due to cholinergic stimulation such as during organophosphate poisoning

Answer 29

anticholinergics

Question 30

May lead to production of excessively sticky secretion in the respiratory tract

Answer 30

anticholinergics

Question 31

example of anticholinergics

Answer 31

atropine sulfate

Question 32

best choice for management of acute and chronic rhinitis

Answer 32

a Adrenergic stimulants

Question 33

degrade and liquefy inflammatory debris

Answer 33

mucolytic and proteolytic enzymes

Question 34

Notable examples of mucolytics

Answer 34

acetylcysteine (carbocysteine) and bromhexine

Question 35

used as antidote for acetaminophen (Paracetamol) poisoning

Answer 35

acetylecysteine

Question 36

Breaks the disulfide bonds in mucus resulting in its liquefaction

Answer 36

acetylcysteine

Question 37

acetylcysteine cause bronchoconstriction therefore must be given with

Answer 37

bronchodilator

Question 38

Increase the volume and fluidity of respiratory secretion by a different mechanism

Answer 38

bromhexine

Question 39

bromhexine is also used in treatment of dogs in association with antibiotic therapy

Answer 39

infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough)

Question 40

clinically useful proteolytic enzymes

Answer 40

pancreatic dornase, trypsin, streptokinase, and streptodornase

Question 41

usually administered by inhalation (nebulization) to degrade inflammatory materials in cases of severe respiratory disorders

Answer 41

proteolytic enzymes

Question 42

drugs used to suppress cough

Answer 42

antitussives

Question 43

protective reflex initiated by the presence of foreign materials in or by irritation of the respiratory tract

Answer 43

cough

Question 44

muscle involved when coughing

Answer 44

intercostal

Question 45

cause relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles and increase the functional capacity of the respiratory tree

Answer 45

bronchodilator

Question 46

major components responsible for bronchodilation

Answer 46

b adrenergic receptors

Question 47

not a bronchodilator but by preventing the release of histamine from mast cells, it is useful as a prophylactic agent to prevent attacks in chronic bronchoconstrictor disorders

Answer 47

cromolyn sodium

Question 48

potent bronchodilators which act in the manner similar but not identicl to the symphatomimetics

Answer 48

methylxanthines

Question 49

Highly potent and efficacious drugs for the management of acute and chronic bronchoconstriction

Answer 49

sympathomimetics

Question 50

Has very potent, prompt, but transient bronchodilator action

Answer 50

epinephrine

Question 51

Stimulates both beta and alpha adrenergic receptor and is useful for acute conditions where it can be given parenterally

Answer 51

epinephrine

Question 52

epinephrine for inhalation available

Answer 52

parathion

Question 53

epineprhine is ineffective in this route

Answer 53

oral

Question 54

isoproterenol is most effective if given

Answer 54

parenterally or inhalation

Question 55

Has slower onset but more prolonged effect (4 -6 hours)

Answer 55

ephedrine

Question 56

a bronchodilator that less potent but is effective when given orally but can cause marked CNS stimulation

Answer 56

ephedrine

Question 57

bronchodilator that is a pure a Adrenergic stimulator

Answer 57

isoproterenol

Question 58

Have dual action to cause bronchodilation and reduction of inflammatory swelling of the respiratory tract

Answer 58

corticosteroid