Lesson 8

Question 1

In dogs and cats, the rate of IV fluid infusion should not excedd?

Answer 1

100 ml/kg/hr

Question 2

What are the signs that will manifest if a patient got overhydrated?

Answer 2

tachycardia, increased urine formation, pulmonary edema, dyspnea and coughing

Question 3

Results from the loss of pure water or loss hypotonic fluid

Answer 3

hypertonic dehydration

Question 4

Results from the Joss of pure water or loss hypotonic fluid

Answer 4

hypotonic dehydration

Question 5

Results from the loss of isotonic fluid

Answer 5

isotonic dehydration

Question 6

Blood bluffers

Answer 6

by hemoglobin and Bicarbonate

Question 7

Respiration

Answer 7

removal or retention of CO2

Question 8

renal mechanism

Answer 8

long-acting and for fine adjustment

Question 9

continually re-adjusted based on the production of volatile acids and fixed acids

Answer 9

Blood pH

Question 10

if urine pH is less than 5 it indicates?

Answer 10

acidemia

Question 11

if urine pH is more than 8, it indicates

Answer 11

alkalemia

Question 12

defined as the difference between commonly measured cations and anions

Answer 12

anion gap

Question 13

Degree of dehydration can be assessed from?

Answer 13

clinical history, physical infection, simple lab tests

Question 14

5% dehydration

Answer 14

subtle clinical changes

Question 15

With definite delay in return of skin to normal position, eyes sunken in orbits, dry mucous membrane

Answer 15

6-8% dehydration

Question 16

12-15% dehydration

Answer 16

Signs of hypovolemic shock, and impending death

Question 17

Lab tests to conduct that are useful in assessment of a patient degree of dehydration

Answer 17

PCV, total plasma proteins, and urine specific gravity

Question 18

Factors Affecting Distribution of Body Fluids

Answer 18

1. Ionic composition of the fluid
2. osmolality
3. tonicity

Question 19

what is the normal anion gap for dogs and cats

Answer 19

12-16 mEq/L

Question 20

To assess fluid deficit, what should be included in the clinical history?

Answer 20

1. The time period over which fluid loss occurs
2. Presence of anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, blood loss and extensive burns
3. Extensive and excessive insensitive fluid loss as panting and fever, and 3rd space losses must be estimated

Question 21

refers to losses due to effusion or sequestration of fluids

Answer 21

Third space

Question 22

normal urine specific gravity

Answer 22

1.048

Question 23

The volume of fluid required by a dehydrated patient is the sum of?

Answer 23

1. Volume to replace the deficit
2. Maintenance volume
3. Volume to replace contemporary loss

Question 24

subsequent fluid doses are usually the sum of

Answer 24

maintenance and contemporary loss

Question 25

The route employed for replacing sudden and extensive losses

Answer 25

IV

Question 26

If you have a small animal patient, what is the route used for quick absorption?

Answer 26

Intraperitoneal

Question 27

When can we use subcutaneous route for dehydrated patients?

Answer 27

Less critical cases, or for maintenance

Question 28

route of administration of fluid therapy that has limited volume, and absorption is greatly limited especially when peripheral vasoconstriction is present

Answer 28

Subcutaneous

Question 29

Why should we avoid administering D5W through subcutaneous?

Answer 29

Because equilibration of ECF with a pool of electrolyte-free solution may aggravate electrolyte imbalance

Question 30

Oral route of fluid therapy is ideal for .... ?

Answer 30

Hypertonic, high caloric density fluids

Question 31

On the rate of administration of fluid therapy, A basal fluid administration of ______ is recommended during surgery

Answer 31

5-10 ml/kg/h

Question 32

To monitor fluid therapy, you must?

Answer 32

1. Measure the body weight regularly during the therapy 2. Determine the urine output 3. Measure the central venous pressure 4. look for signs of overhydration

Question 33

What are some signs of overhydration?

Answer 33

1. Nasal discharge 2. Chemosis 3. Restlessness 4. Cough and dyspnea 5. Polyuria 6. Exophthalmos 7. Diarrhea 8. Vomiting

Question 34

Laboratory tests are done because therapy may result to?

Answer 34

acid-base, osmolality, and electrolyte disorders

Question 35

most frequently diagnosed acid-base abnormality in animals

Answer 35

Metabolic acidosis

Question 36

If your patient had metabolic acidosis, you are required to treat with?

Answer 36

Infusion fluid with sodium bicarbonate

Question 37

If metabolic acidosis is obvious of imminent as in cardiopulmonary arrest, a safe approach is to administer

Answer 37

1 mEq/k IV