lesson 8 sleep (paper prep 2) Flashcards
walker
-sleep deprivation leads to multiple neurological and psychiatric diseases (alzheimers, anxiety, depression, bipolar, cancer, diabetes, obesity)
-ways lack of sleep can kill:
1) concentration: car crash (2 sec microsleep)
2) baseline resettling: chronic sleep deprivation becomes accepted baseline and leads to constant sub optimal functioning
3) sleep deprivation can equal same amount of impairment as drunk driving
-power naps cant replace sleep
sleep deprivation=emotional irrationality (emotion centers too reactive without sleep due to unevenness neurologically between emotional gas pedal of amygdala and emotional brake of prefontal cortex)- too sad, suicide and too happy and hypersensitive to pleasure, drug addiction
-tired and forgetful students try to cram and pull all nighters (can learn it but too tired to recall)
-learning in chunks instead of all at once exam
-sleep quality deteriorates as we sleep and memory decline linked to alzheimers
humans on average sleep
8 hours, 1/3 of our life
first way we learned about sleep
recording electrical activity from sleeping brains
in addition to local firing neurons do
there are also waves of multiple neurons firing during activity cascades during sleep
beta waves
-low amplitude
-high cognitive engagement- talking to someone, paying attention (being aware)
alpha waves
-amplitude is higher than beta
-lower cognitive engagement
theta waves (stage 2 sleep)
-slighter higher amplitude than alpha
-drifting off, daydreaming
-elongation of the length of time between peaks of brainwave activity
delta waves
asleep (first electrical markers that someone is asleep, spindles and k complex)
how long does it take for deep stage of sleep
hour to 90 minutes
rem activity
Rapid eye movement sleep
characterized by eyes darting back and forth under eyelids while sleeping
what happens in sleep cycle for mammals
back and forth between awake, stage 1-4, and rem sleep
stages of sleep
awake, stage 1-4, rem sleep
what percent of sleep is rem for almost all mammals
25%
do birds rem sleep
yes but only for a couple minutes each night
do reptiles and amphibians sleep
not rem
behavioral sleep/rest
periods of quiescence needed by insects and fish
circadian rhythm
Circadian rhythms are physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle. These natural processes respond primarily to light and dark and affect most living things, including animals, plants, and microbes
how do dolphins breathe
they need to breathe air so they sleep with half their brain active and sleeps on that side (right sleeps, left awake and vice versa)
slow wave sleep
information goes to thalamus (beta waves) and as you sleep, thalamus is passing on less and less information and activity in cortex goes down (which is why you cant hear when asleep)
gating/preventing information flow (non rem)
rem sleep in literature
not until 1950s (put electrodes on kids and discovered kids fall directly into rem sleep)
what happens during rem
pons initiates rem sleep by telling the thalamus to wake up and interact with some parts of the brain and not others (vision, motor activity, emotion) that causes dreams
-doesnt activate higher order reasoning or logical thought
-sends inhibitory signal to spinal cord so people experiencing rem cant move
if i woke you up during rem
you’d feel like you were dreaming
atonia
-not being able to move during rem
-can cut link by severing link between pons and spinal column
(develops over time)
loss of rem related atonia
animals had connection between spinal cord and pons cut, animal is asleep but is moving and engaging in sexual behavior, eating behavior, instinctual behaviors
