lesson 11 intelligence (paper prep 3) Flashcards
how genes affect behavior
phenotype
phenotype plus environment
traits
the environment like your siblings and parents
jack and oskar
oskar germany, jack jamaica
although identical twins, had different expression of traits due to environment
traits plus environment
behavior
if youre a rebel in a rich environment, you’ll probably be elon musk
if youre a rebel in a poor environment, you’ll be disadvantaged
genes and environment
genes tweaked and moved in different directions due to environment
initial trajectory and makes some things really unlikely but environment can change where it ends up
meaningful question
how much of the variation in the behavior in multiple people is due to variation of internal factors vs variation of internal factors
low variability in environment
rest of variability must be accounted for by genetics
imagine sample of kids from well off background and ask where is variation from
most of differences due to genetic factors
genetic influences on traits decrease over the lifespan
as environment has time to separate them
nature vs nurture
not in competition; intricately connected
genes are being expressed in context of environment/how youre raised/schools you go to etc
what is intelligence
mental ability that enables people to direct their thinking, adapt to their circumstances, and learn from their experiences
alfred binet
one of traits we privilege is intelligence
binet introduced this notion of intelligence because there werent enough aristocratic sons to go around (they were all killed) so there werent men to be officers
developed intelligence tasks to find people with intrinsic intelligence even if they never had formal schooling or were brought up poor
wechsler intelligence scale for children
The objective of the exam is to understand whether or not a child is gifted, as well as to determine the student’s cognitive strengths and weaknesses using these two:
crystallized- you learned at some point (whether trivia or math, you encountered this information)
fluid- more abstract way of thinking, creative
unlike personality traits, intelligence traits (quant, verbal, spatial)
are somewhat correlated and form a general intelligence (G)
raven’s progressive matrices
look at pattern of cards and find what’s missing to determine (G)
flynn effect
if you go back to historical method and look at G scores over time, people are getting smarter
scoring higher on fluidity tests too
most scientists believe that the industrial and technological
revolutions have changed the nature of daily living such that people now spend more and more time solving precisely the kinds of abstract problems that intelligence tests include
intelligence
the ability to use one’s mind to solve problems and learn from experience
Crystallized intelligence
ability to apply knowledge that was acquired through experience, and it is generally measured with tests of vocabulary and factual information
Fluid intelligence
ability to solve and reason about novel problems, and it is generally measured with tests that present people with abstract problems in new domains that must be solved under time pressure
emotional intelligence
the ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning
