Lesson 8 (Part 2) Flashcards
Is diptheria a rare disease now a day?
Yes
Diphtheria
Infection of the nose, throat and skin
What does diphtheria cause? (5)
- Sore throat
- Fever and chills
- Breathing complications
- Heart failure
- Nerve damage
When do symptoms for diphtheria begin?
2-5 days after becoming infected
What happened with diphtheria before the vaccination program? (2)
- It was very common
2. Leading cause of death in children
How is diphtheria transmitted?
It is spread from person to person through secretions from coughing and sneezing
What is another word for pertussis?
Whooping cough
Pertussis
It is a common disease which causes prolonged cough illness
Who does whooping cough affect?
All ages
- but serious for infant
How long can coughing last for with pertussis?
Several weeks
What does whooping cough make challenging? (3)
- Eating
- Drinking
- Breathing
How does whooping cough work?
The infection attaches to the lining of the upper respiratory system and releases toxins that lead to inflammation/swelling
How is pertussis transmitted?
It is spread from person to person through secretions from coughing and sneezing
What age is Tdap usually given at?
11-12 years
When is the Td booster given?
Every 10 years after the vaccine
- this covers tetanus and diphtheria
TB
Tuberculosis
What is tuberculosis caused by?
Bacteria that spreads from person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air
- coughing or sneezing
What does TB affect?
Mainly the lungs
- but can also affect the glands, bones, joints, kidneys, brain and reproductive organs
How can TB be presented as? (2)
- Back pain
- Hematuria
- blood in the urine
What are the symptoms of TB?
The infection can remain in your body but not cause any symptoms
How do you treat TB?
9 months of antibiotics everyday
- hard to follow through on the treatment (low compliance rate)
- hard on your liver
Is tuberculosis contagious?
Yes but not easy to catch
- more likely to get it from people you live with or work with than from a stranger
How long do you have to take antibiotics before you are no longer contagious?
2 weeks
- need to take up till 9 months to be fully cured
What are the 2 type of tests for TB?
- Initial baseline testing
- 2 steps - Annual screening
LTBI
Latent Tuberculosis Infection
What does LTBI mean?
It means that the patient is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis but its not active
What do half of those who develop TB occur?
Within the first 2 years of the infection
- most high risk in the first 2 years
What can treated LTBI prevent?
Progression to active TB
What are 5 medical tests and immunizations that a hospital employer might ask for?
- Tdap proof or vaccine and boosters every 10 years
- MMR blood tests or proof of 2 dose vaccine as a child
- Influenza annual vaccine
- TB tests
- Varicella blood test
- chickenpox
