Lesson 7 (Part 1) Flashcards
Blood borne pathogens
Infectious microorganisms in the human body that can cause disease in humans
What are the 3 most common blood borne pathogens?
- HBV
- HCV
- HIV
HBV
Hepatitis B Virus
HCV
Hepatitis C Virus
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
What are 2 possible means of contact with blood borne pathogens?
- Spray with blood
2. Any contact with blood
How can infected blood enter your system? (4)
- Cuts
- Mucus membranes
- Needle stick injuries
- Infected glass that you can cut yourself with
What are examples of potentially infected body fluids? (6)
- Semen/vaginal secretions
- CSF/synovial fluid
- Pleural/peritoneal fluid
- Amniotic fluid
- Saliva
- Any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood
What are 3 factors that affect the risk for exposure to blood?
- Number of infected individuals in the patient population
- Type of contact
- Number of contacts
What do most exposures result in?
Not in an infection
What should you do following a blood exposure? (3)
- Wash needle sticks and cuts with soap and water
- Flush splashes to nose, mouth or skin with water
- Irrigate eyes with water or saline
- many departments have eye wash stations
How can occupational exposures be prevented? (5)
- Wear PPE’s
- Conscious of the environment we are in
- Uncap sharps right before you use them
- Dispose of sharps right away
- Dont recap sharps
How is HBV most commonly contracted? (2)
- Sexual fluids
2. Blood
How is HBV not spread? (4)
- Sharing utensils
- Recreational pools
- Hugging/kissing
- Coughing/sneezing
How can the public contract HCV? (2)
- Sexual transmission
2. Blood
What is easier to catch than HCV?
The flu virus
How can HIV be contracted by the public? (2)
- Blood
2. Sexual transmission
How are you at no risk for HBV?
If you have received the Hep B vaccine and developed immunity to the virus
Is there a known risk factor for HBV exposure to intact skin?
No
- there is if the skin is broken
How many more times is HBV more infectious than HIV?
50x-100x
Is there a known risk factor for HCV exposure to intact skin?
No
- mucus membrane is possible
Does HCV or HBV get transferred a little bit easier?
HCV
What is the risk after exposure to non intact skin for HIV?
Less than 0.1%
- no documented cases
Where can viruses not live?
Outside the body
- need a host
- this is why its not transmitted easily through non intact skin
Is there treatment for hepatitis?
Yes
- its new
What is hepatitis classified based on?
Their symptoms
When should workers be tested for HBV after the vaccine is completed?
1-2 months
HBIG
Hep B Immune Globulin
What is an effective way in preventing HBV infection after an exposure?
HBIG alone or along with the vaccine
