Lesson 2 Flashcards
Anticeptic
Prevents the growth of disease that cause microorganisms
What is an example of an anticeptic
Antibiotics
Disinfectant
A chemical liquid that destroys bacteria
What is an example of a disinfectant?
Hand sanitizer
Why should we be careful with antimicrobial resistance?
Because if we over use antiseptics than everything is killed off, including the good bacteria
- this actually allows bad bacterial to come back easier (body is not use to fighting)
What are common infectious diseases with antimicrobial resistance? (4)
- C. Difficile
- MRSA
- VRE
- ESBL
Why do the graphs go up and down in infectious diseases?
Because when people learn about them they are more conservative about them so they take precautions. But as time goes on people become more lazy (and forget how important it is)
Where is a common spot to get C.Diff?
The hospital
What are the 2 most common sites for VRE?
- Blood (29%)
2. Urine (26%)
How are droplets spread? (3)
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Saliva
How far is something (like a sneeze) carried through the air?
2 meters
What are 2 examples of indirect contact?
- Common surfaces
- eg) door handle - Sharing the same drinking cup
What is an example of direct contact?
Sneezing into your hand and giving someone a high five
What is an example of airborne?
Breathing
What are 3 precautions we can take for airborne disease?
- Masks
- Isolation/reverse isolation
- Negative pressure rooms
Negative pressure rooms
Rooms that have low pressure so that when you open the door the air moves in
- air moves from high concentration to low concentration
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Is a virus that infects mostly children which can cause flu like symptoms and potentially lead to pneumonia
How is RSV spread?
It is highly contagious by droplets
Parainfluenza
Is similar to RSV in that it mostly infects children, but it has more severe symptoms
- can lead to croup or pneumonia
How is parainfluenza spread? (2)
Highly contagious by…
- Droplets
- Contact
Group A Streptococcus (GAS)
Is a disease caused by bacteria
What can GAS lead to? (3)
- Strep throat
- Scarlet fever
- Necrotizing facilities
- flesh eating disease
How is GAS spread? (2)
- Droplets
2. Contact
What are 3 communicable diseases?
- RSV
- Parainfluenza
- GAS
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)
Is a disease where a bacteria produces an enzyme that inactivates antibiotics
How does ESBL spread?
Highly contagious by spread of contact
- direct and indirect
What does -ase refer to?
Enzymes
Norovirus
Is a virus that causes gastroenteritis
- poop and vomit
What does poop contain?
Eggs that spread diseases
How is the norovirus spread?
It is highly contagious and is spread by contact
Disseminated shingles
Is a disease caused by Herpes Zoster
What are the symptoms of disseminated shingles?
Painful rash
- disseminated or localized
What are the precautions you should take with droplets? (4)
- Private room
- Be 2m away when possible
- Mask
- Eye protection
What are the precautions you should take with contact? (3)
- Gown
- Gloves
- Dedicated equipment
- sterilize
What are the precautions you should take with airborne? (2)
- Isolation
2. Negative pressure rooms
What are 4 important pieces of information that will be on signs in the hospitals?
- Stop
- Visitor information
- The precautions to take
- proper equipment and how to use it properly - Type of isolation
Evidence based practice
Shown to be the best way to handle situations
What is a good way to prevent and control situations?
Follow instructions
- eg) signs
Implications (3)
- Evidence based practice
- Prevent and control
- Leadership
Incubation period
Time from when you get infected to the time you start showing symptoms
