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Physics 1 > Lesson 8 (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 8 (Part 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the opposite of reflection?

A

Transmission

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2
Q

Reflection

A

The throwing back by a body or surface of light, heat or sound without absorbing it

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3
Q

What happens at each point boundary with perpendicular incidence? (2)

A
  1. Some of the sound is reflected

2. Some of the sound beam goes through

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4
Q

What is another word for perpendicular incidence?

A

90 degree incidence

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5
Q

IRC

A

Intensity reflection coefficient

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6
Q

Intensity reflection coefficient

A

Is the ratio of the intensity of the reflected wave relative to the incident (transmitted) wave

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7
Q

Incident pulse

A

Is a pulse where the incident moves towards (i.e., approaching) the boundary with the pole

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8
Q

Reflected pulse

A

A pulse with an upward displacement will reflect off the end and return with a downward displacement
- an echo

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9
Q

Transmitted pulse

A

The amplitude is representative of the energy carried by a wave

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10
Q

What is the equation for IRC?

A

IRC = echo intensity/incident sound intensity x 100%

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11
Q

ITC

A

Intensity transmission coefficient

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12
Q

Intensity transmission coefficient

A

Is a measure of how much of an electromagnetic wave (light) passes through a surface or an optical element
- can be measured for amplitude or intensity

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13
Q

What is the formula for ITC?

A

ITC = transmitted intensity/ incident sound intensity x 100%

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14
Q

What is the relationship between impedance and density / propagation speed?

A

Directly proportional

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15
Q

Where is impedance the highest?

A

In solid structures

- eg. bone

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16
Q

Where is impedance the lowest?

A

In air

17
Q

What does impedance depend on?

A

Densities

18
Q

What does it mean when you have a higher difference in impedance?

A

A brighter echo

19
Q

What does IRC + ITC equal?

A

100%

20
Q

What is the % of transmitted pulses?

A

80%

21
Q

What is the % of reflected pulses?

A

20%

22
Q

How much goes through and how much is reflected depends on what?

A

Impedance

23
Q

What is the formula for impedance?

A 
z = p x c
z = impedance 
p = density 
c = propagation speed
24
Q

What is the unit for impedance?

A

Rayls

- kg x m / m^3 x s

25
Q

Does each tissue have its own impedance?

A

Yes

26
Q

What is the formula for acoustic impedance mismatch?

A

delta z = z2 - z1

27
Q

What does the amount of reflection depend on?

A

delta z

28
Q

What is the formula for IRC? (involving impedance)

A

IRC = (z2-z1 / z2+z1)^2

29
Q

What does delta z decide?

A

If the echo will appear bright or dark

30
Q

What does increase in delta z mean?

A

Brighter echo

Physics 1 (42 decks)

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